Two vulnerabilities affecting the firmware of Supermicro hardware, including Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) allow attackers to update systems with maliciously crafted images.
Supermicro is a maker of servers, motherboards, and data center hardware. BMC is a microcontroller on Supermicro server motherboards that permits remote system monitoring and management even if the system is powered off.
Experts at firmware security company Binarly discovered a bypass for a flaw (CVE-2024-10237) that Supermicro patched this year in January along with another vulnerabililty identified as CVE-2025-6198.
"This security issue could allow potential attackers to gain complete and persistent control of both the BMC system and the main server OS," Binarly researchers say.
Both security issues can be used to update BMC systems with unofficial firmware, but the researchers say that CVE-2025-6198 can alse be exploited to bypass the BMC RoT (Root of Trust) - a security feature validating that the system is booting with legitimate firmware.
Planting malicious firmware enables persistence across reboots and OS re-installs, high-level control of the server, and reliable bypass of security checks.
To fix CVE-2024-10237, Supermicro added checks to restrict custom fwmap entries, which are a table of instructions inside the firmware image that could be leveraged to manipulate firmware images.
The signature validation process
Source: Binarly
However, Binarly researchers discovered that it was still possible to inject a malicious fwmap before the vendor’s original is loaded by the system, declaring the signed regions in a way that would let the attacker relocate or replace actual content while keeping the digest consistent.
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