I built a large language model "from scratch"
Published on: 2025-07-13 09:14:41
A developer's journey through building an LLM from scratch, sharing key insights about tokenization, training, and the learning process of mastering AI fundamentals.
Building a large language model from scratch#
I’m a machine learning / A.I. hobbyist. The technologies fascinate me, and I can’t seem to learn enough about them. Sebastian Raschka’s book, Build a Large Language Model (From Scratch) caught my eye. I don’t recall how I stumbled on it, but I found it when it was still in early access from Manning Publications. I purchased it, and started working through it as the final chapters were being written and released. I just completed the book and all the included work and loved every minute of it.
My approach#
A while ago, I read some advice about learning programming from digital books and tutorials. The advice was to never copy and paste code from samples but to hand-type all the code. I took that approach with this book. I typed every single line of code (except for a couple
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