What Is Shor's Algorithm - And Why It's the Single Biggest Threat to Classical Cryptography
What Is Shor's Algorithm - And Why It's the Single Biggest Threat to Classical Cryptography
What Is Shor's Algorithm - And Why It's the Single Biggest Threat to Classical Cryptography
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1. Introduction: The Algorithm That Broke the Future
Peter Shor writes a few pages of math. The entire world’s public-key cryptography dies on those pages.
RSA. Diffie-Hellman. Elliptic Curve crypto. All of it collapses the moment someone runs Shor’s algorithm on a big enough quantum machine. This isn’t Grover’s “square-root speedup” that just makes brute force a bit faster. This is exponential turned into polynomial. Game over. Governments already record encrypted traffic today betting on Shor tomorrow. Your cloud backups, your TLS sessions, your Bitcoin private keys. All harvestable now, decryptable later. Shor’s algorithm is not a future threat. It is a retroactive one.
2. The Core Problem: Factoring and Discrete Logs
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