If You Have a Dog, Consider These Kits
I don’t have a dog, so I didn't try these at-home DNA test kits for dogs, but these are the kits specifically for dogs from Basepaws and Wisdom Panel, the two companies I've tested for my cats.
How Does a DNA Testing Kit Work?
Pet DNA tests rely on pet owners collecting cells for testing through a cheek swab, where the sample is put into a sealed stabilizing or preserving fluid for transit. You’ll mail the sample back to the lab in the prepaid envelope. It takes up to five weeks to get results. (The first time I sent my cat Basil’s Basepaws sample, the company emailed that the results were inconclusive, and I had to wait for another kit to be sent, re-swab him, and wait another five weeks for results.)
At the lab, the sample is analyzed against the company’s breed and genetic health database. They use single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays—the standard technology used to identify breed ancestry—as well as various inherited traits and risk of common diseases. Essentially, different breeds have distinct patterns of SNPs in their genomes, which act as the genetic markers. These tests analyze the pet’s DNA sample for specific SNPs and then compare them to the company’s existing database to estimate the composition of breed types in the animal. This not only tells you about breed composition, but can also identify the specific DNA sequences that are markers for potential health risks, like predispositions to diseases or hereditary cancers.
Don’t take the health or DNA test results as absolute truth, however. “This can lead to a false sense of security or false alarms," says veterinarian Amanda Chambers. Forward your results to your veterinarian and always follow up with scheduling a visit to the vet if your pet is marked as a carrier for any genetic disease.
Limitations of At-Home DNA Test Kits
After chatting with Jamie Richardson, head of veterinary medicine at Small Door Veterinary, I’ve found that these are the major areas of limitations with at-home DNA test kits:
Results depend on the size/diversity of the genetic database
Most kits test known markers only—not full genomes
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