The Trump administration has ordered Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents to carry out sweeping raids, deporting thousands of immigrants, often without due process. It has targeted left-leaning foreign students and entire universities, canceling visas and threatening to withhold federal funding. United States Supreme Court appointments from the previous Trump administration have resulted in decisions that enabled roughly half of US states to severely restrict or ban abortions. And Trump’s threats of a further crackdown still hang over the country, including vows to jail journalists and his political foes. To carry out these plans, the administration has tapped into, and may yet expand, the American government’s vast surveillance machinery. That means now is the time for anyone in an at-risk group and those who communicate with them—or even those who want to normalize privacy and create cover for more vulnerable people—to think about how they can upgrade their data security and surveillance resistance. “Undocumented immigrants, Muslims, pregnant people, journalists, really anyone who doesn't support him” need to reconsider their personal privacy safeguards, says Runa Sandvik, a former digital security staffer for The New York Times and the founder of the security firm Granitt, which focuses on protecting members of civil society. “Whatever platforms you're on, whatever devices you have, you need to have a sense of what kind of data you’re generating and then use the controls available to limit who can see what you're doing.” Protection from surveillance comes in two forms: top-down legal and policy limits on data collection, and bottom-up technological protections in the hands of the targets of that surveillance. The US is now in an era where Trump allies control all three branches of government and tech companies appear to be ready to bend to their will—as evidenced by the Silicon Valley CEOs’ postelection race to congratulate the president-elect. That may leave the technology you choose to use as a last line of defense, says Harlo Holmes, the director of digital security at the Freedom of the Press Foundation. “This is the last recourse of a lot of people in vulnerable positions,” says Holmes. “We’re just going to have to increase our efforts to make sure that people have the best tools in their hands and their pockets to maintain their privacy. And it's going to matter more and more.” To respond to that new reality, WIRED asked security and privacy experts for their advice for hardening personal privacy protections and resisting surveillance. Here are their recommendations. Encrypted Communications Securing your data starts with securing your communications, and securing your communications means using end-to-end encryption. End-to-end encrypted messengers like Signal, WhatsApp, and Apple’s iMessage and FaceTime are all designed to encrypt your messages and phone calls such that no one can decrypt and access your conversations other than the recipient—not even the company that offers the service. That’s very different from traditional calls and texts, which are subject to law enforcement interception and data requests to your phone carrier.