Published on: 2025-04-29 03:32:08
People say many things about entropy: entropy increases with time, entropy is disorder, entropy increases with energy, entropy determines the arrow of time, etc.. But I have no idea what entropy is, and from what I find, neither do most other people. This is the introduction I wish I had when first told about entropy, so hopefully you find it helpful. My goal is that by the end of this long post we will have a rigorous and intuitive understanding of those statements, and in particular, why the u
Keywords: balls box entropy microstates time
Find related items on AmazonPublished on: 2025-04-30 01:48:48
April 12, 2025 at 06:54 Tags Math , Machine Learning Cross-entropy is widely used in modern ML to compute the loss for classification tasks. This post is a brief overview of the math behind it and a related concept called Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. Information content of a single random event We'll start with a single event (E) that has probability p. The information content (or "degree of surprise") of this event occurring is defined as: \[I(E) = \log_2 \left (\frac{1}{p} \right )\] Th
Keywords: cross entropy kl log_2 probability
Find related items on AmazonPublished on: 2025-05-19 05:41:18
In recent years, numerous theoretical results have shown evidence that quantum computers have the potential to tackle a wide range of problems out of reach of classical techniques. The main examples include factoring large integers6, implicitly solving exponentially sized systems of linear equations7, optimizing intractable problems8, learning certain functions9 and simulating large quantum many-body systems10. However, accounting for considerations such as quantum error correction overheads and
Keywords: classical entropy protocol quantum time
Find related items on AmazonPublished on: 2025-05-22 05:20:38
The cr.yp.to blog 2014.02.05: Entropy Attacks! The conventional wisdom says that hash outputs can't be controlled; the conventional wisdom is simply wrong. The conventional wisdom is that hashing more entropy sources can't hurt: if H is any modern cryptographic hash function then H(x,y,z) is at least as good a random number as H(x,y), no matter how awful z is. So we pile one source on top of another, hashing them all together and hoping that at least one of them is good. But what if z comes f
Keywords: entropy malicious random randomness source
Find related items on AmazonPublished on: 2025-06-13 17:38:18
7 min read Over the years, Cloudflare has gained fame for many things, including our technical blog, but also as a tech company securing the Internet using lava lamps , a story that began as a research/science project almost 10 years ago. In March 2025, we added another layer to its legacy: a "wall of entropy" made of 50 wave machines in constant motion at our Lisbon office, the company's European HQ. These wave machines are a new source of entropy, joining lava lamps in San Francisco, suspend
Keywords: cloudflare entropy office wave waves
Find related items on AmazonPublished on: 2025-07-12 07:13:53
Introduction This python script implements the xkcd password spec. Install This package requires the pip Python package manager for installation. pip installation instructions. Then: pip install xkpa Usage % xkpa -h usage: xkpa.py [-h] [-n] [-d DICT_PATH] [-x] [-i] [-s SEPARATOR] [-l LENGTH] [-c COUNT] [-v] [w] Generate an xkcd style password. positional arguments: w The number of words in the password. Defaults to 4. optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -n Disab
Keywords: entropy generate password passwords xkpa
Find related items on AmazonGo K’awiil is a project by nerdhub.co that curates technology news from a variety of trusted sources. We built this site because, although news aggregation is incredibly useful, many platforms are cluttered with intrusive ads and heavy JavaScript that can make mobile browsing a hassle. By hand-selecting our favorite tech news outlets, we’ve created a cleaner, more mobile-friendly experience.
Your privacy is important to us. Go K’awiil does not use analytics tools such as Facebook Pixel or Google Analytics. The only tracking occurs through affiliate links to amazon.com, which are tagged with our Amazon affiliate code, helping us earn a small commission.
We are not currently offering ad space. However, if you’re interested in advertising with us, please get in touch at [email protected] and we’ll be happy to review your submission.