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Newly Discovered Fossils Reveal Unknown Humanlike Relative

Researchers have uncovered fossils belonging to a previously unknown ancient human relative. And they may have lived in the same time and place as the earliest-known members of the genus Homo, from which modern humans evolved, according to a new study. A team of archeologists working at Ethiopia’s Ledi-Geraru research project area unearthed a set of fossilized teeth that likely belonged to an unidentified species within the Australopithecus genus, known for having both human- and ape-like trait

Stone tools may hint at ancestors of Homo floresiensis

Some stone tools found near a river on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi suggest that the first hominins had reached the islands by at least 1.04 million years ago. That's around the same time that the ancestors of the infamously diminutive “Hobbits” may have reached the island of Flores. Archaeologist Budianto Hakim of Indonesia’s National Research and Innovation Agency and his colleagues were the ones who recently unearthed the tools from a site on Sulawesi. Although a handful of stone flakes

Homotopy Equivalences

Previously: Fibrations and Cofibrations. In topology, we say that two shapes are the same if there is a homeomorphism– an invertible continuous map– between them. Continuity means that nothing is broken and nothing is glued together. This is how we can turn a coffe cup into a torus. A homeomorphism, however, won’t let us shrink a torus to a circle. So if we are only interested in how many holes the shapes have, we have to relax our notion of equivalence. Let’s go back to the definition of home