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The case against social media is stronger than you think

The Mob, 1935, by Carl Hoeckner 1. Introduction The philosopher Dan Williams recently published two pieces on social media— “Scapegoating the Algorithm” at Asterisk Magazine, and “The Case Against Social Media is Weaker Than You Think” at his Substack. As their titles attest to, both argue that the case against social media, on epistemic and political grounds, has been considerably overstated. I recently published a lengthy essay arguing the opposite: that the case against social media has, i

The Case Against Social Media Is Stronger Than You Think

The Mob, 1935, by Carl Hoeckner 1. Introduction The philosopher Dan Williams recently published two pieces on social media— “Scapegoating the Algorithm” at Asterisk Magazine, and “The Case Against Social Media is Weaker Than You Think” at his Substack. As their titles attest to, both argue that the case against social media, on epistemic and political grounds, has been considerably overstated. I recently published a lengthy essay arguing the opposite: that the case against social media has, i

New Study Questions a Major Assumption About the Fall of the Roman Empire

The period after the Roman Empire abandoned Britain has long been known as the “Dark Ages” for a reason. Scholars believed that after the Romans left, local industries collapsed and effectively all progress ceased for centuries. Britain, they theorized, was plunged into a cultural and economic abyss with their departure. But for some time, a growing body of evidence has challenged this narrative. And in a new study published today in the journal Antiquity, researchers investigate the assumption

Hallucination Risk Calculator

Hallucination Risk Calculator & Prompt Re-engineering Toolkit (OpenAI-only) Post-hoc calibration without retraining for large language models. This toolkit turns a raw prompt into: a bounded hallucination risk using the Expectation-level Decompression Law (EDFL), and a decision to ANSWER or REFUSE under a target SLA, with transparent math (nats). It supports two deployment modes: Evidence-based: prompts include evidence/context; rolling priors are built by erasing that evidence. prompts inc

A Physicist Wants to Turn Jupiter’s Largest Moon Into a Gigantic Dark Matter Detector

When searching for the unknown, classic physics wisdom holds that a bigger detector boosts the chances of discovery. A physicist is taking that advice to heart, advancing a bold plan to use none other than Ganymede—Jupiter’s largest moon—as a dark matter detector on an astronomical scale. Dark matter refers to the “invisible” mass that supposedly constitutes 85% of the universe. There’s considerable evidence that dark matter exists, but it’s “dark,” meaning it doesn’t respond to light and very

Bronze Age Humans Got High on Psychoactive Betel Nuts

Long before Ethiopian monks in the 9th century discovered that coffee tree fruit helped them stay awake during evening prayer (according to legend, anyway), communities in Southeast Asia have been chewing betel nuts—the seeds of the areca palm and a stimulant that heightens people’s alertness, energy, euphoria, and relaxation—since antiquity. But new research indicates that betel nut chewing has been practiced for even longer. By studying ancient dental plaque from Bronze Age individuals in Tha

Senate confirms CDC director as top FDA official resigns under political pressure

As of yesterday, Susan Monarez is in and Vinay Prasad is out among top federal health officials. In a 51–47 vote along party lines, the Senate confirmed Monarez as the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. She is the first nominee for CDC director to be required to get Senate confirmation, following a 2022 law requiring it. She is also the first person to serve in the role without a medical degree since 1953. Monarez has a PhD in microbiology and immunology and previously

Measuring the impact of AI on experienced open-source developer productivity

We conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to understand how early-2025 AI tools affect the productivity of experienced open-source developers working on their own repositories. Surprisingly, we find that when developers use AI tools, they take 19% longer than without—AI makes them slower. We view this result as a snapshot of early-2025 AI capabilities in one relevant setting; as these systems continue to rapidly evolve, we plan on continuing to use this methodology to help estimate AI accel

Measuring the Impact of AI on Experienced Open-Source Developer Productivity

We conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to understand how early-2025 AI tools affect the productivity of experienced open-source developers working on their own repositories. Surprisingly, we find that when developers use AI tools, they take 19% longer than without—AI makes them slower. We view this result as a snapshot of early-2025 AI capabilities in one relevant setting; as these systems continue to rapidly evolve, we plan on continuing to use this methodology to help estimate AI accel