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Dutch battery startup LeydenJar’s silicon anode tech could pose a challenge to China

Battery materials startup LeydenJar has closed a €13 million ($15.2 million USD) round to scale up manufacturing of its silicon anode technology for an unnamed “leading U.S.-based consumer electronics company.” The Netherlands-based startup will use the funding, along with a €10 million commitment from the U.S. customer, to build the first phase of its facility, PlantOne in Eindhoven, Netherlands, which will open in 2027. Investors Exantia and Invest-NL lead the round. Today, a majority of the

Strong Eventual Consistency – The Big Idea Behind CRDTs

Strong Eventual Consistency - The Big Idea behind CRDTs CRDTs. Data structures that can be replicated across multiple nodes, edited independently, merged back together, and it all just works. But collaborative document editing and multiplayer TODO lists are just the tip of the iceberg - I believe the big application is distributed databases, and for that we need to talk about consistency. CRDTs are a tool for Strong Eventual Consistency. Let's start with the definition of normal Eventual Consi

Indices, not Pointers

Indices, not Pointers There is a pattern I’ve learned while using Zig which I’ve never seen used in any other language. It’s an extremely simple trick which - when applied to a data structure - reduces memory usage, reduces memory allocations, speeds up accesses, makes freeing instantaneous, and generally makes everything much, much faster. The trick is to use indices, not pointers. This is something I learned from a talk by Andrew Kelley (Zig’s creator) on data-oriented design. It’s used in Z

Breaking the sorting barrier for directed single-source shortest paths

If you want to solve a tricky problem, it often helps to get organized. You might, for example, break the problem into pieces and tackle the easiest pieces first. But this kind of sorting has a cost. You may end up spending too much time putting the pieces in order. This dilemma is especially relevant to one of the most iconic problems in computer science: finding the shortest path from a specific starting point in a network to every other point. It’s like a souped-up version of a problem you n

The Algebra of an Infinite Grid of Resistors

The Algebra of an Infinite Grid of Resistors In a previous note we discussed the well-known problem of determining the resistance between two nodes of an “infinite” square lattice of resistors. The most common approach is to superimpose two “monopole” solutions, one representing the field for one amp of current entering a given node and flowing “to infinity”, and the other representing the field for one amp of current being withdrawn from a given node flowing in from infinity. If the two nodes

Infinite Grid of Resistors

Infinite Grid of Resistors Remain, remain thou here, While sense can keep it on. And, sweetest, fairest, As I my poor self did exchange for you, To your so infinite loss, so in our trifles I still win of you: for my sake wear this... Shakespeare There is a well-known puzzle based on the premise of an “infinite” grid of resistors connecting adjacent nodes of a square lattice. A small portion of such a grid is illustrated below. Between every pair of adjacent nodes is a resistance R, and w

Relaxed Radix Balanced Trees (2024)

Relaxed Radix Balanced Trees I’m adding immutable vectors to my language, Ivan, and needed to pick a suitable data structure to implement them. Clojure uses Persistent Vectors (PVs) which support lookups, updates, and appends all in ‘effectively’ constant time. However, it doesn’t have efficient insert or merge operations. Relaxed Radix Balanced (RRB) Trees, introduced by Bagwell and Rompf in 2011, address this shortcoming. I had to read a few different papers to properly understand how they w