Introduction The advent of large-scale distributed networks has brought unprecedented opportunities, yet it has also amplified the inherent uncertainties associated with machine hardware failures and network instabilities. These challenges include unexpected downtime, message delays, induced disorder, message loss during transmission, and various forms of malicious attacks. The IEEE Std 3220.01-2025 (IEEE Standard for Consensus Framework […] The post IEEE Std 3220.01-2025: Standard for Consensus Framework for Blockchain System appeared first on IEEE Computer Society.