Typographic practice of putting space between words
This article is about the typographic concept. For the practice of writing with spaces between words, see Interword separation
Word spacing in typography is space between words, as contrasted with letter-spacing (space between letters of words) and sentence spacing (space between sentences). Typographers may modify the spacing of letters or words in a body of type to aid readability and copy fit, or for aesthetic effect. In web browsers and standardized digital typography, word spacing is controlled by the CSS1 word-spacing property.
History [ edit ]
Most classical Latin texts were written in scriptio continua, a continuous string of characters without spaces to mark word boundaries. However, some early Greek and Roman texts used interpuncts, small dots, to separate words. Word spacing began much later. Irish monks first started to add word spacing to texts in the late 7th century, creating what Paul Sänger, in his book The Spaces between the Words, refers to as aerated text. By the 11th century, scribes in northern Europe were separating Latin text canonically, that is, with spaces between words, just as we do today in standard written text.[1]
Effect on readability [ edit ]
Word spacing is crucial for the written form because it illustrates the sound of speech where audible gaps or pauses take place.[2] With typography, word spacing shows this unspoken aspect of speech.[2] Otherwise, it would be difficult for people to read one long continuous line of letters.[2] It is hard to determine how much spacing should be put in between words, but a good typographer is able to determine proper spacing.[3] When text and spacing are consistent, this makes it easier to read.[3]
Geoffrey Dowding describes the nature of spacing since the invention of printing from moveable type in the fifteenth century. Since the fifteenth century, the best work shows that text is to be read smoothly and efficiently.[4] This is because they should always be closely spaced and “not en or em quadded!”[4] The convention of having close spacing has lasted for two reasons: because it is easier to read than text which has wider spaces and because it looks better. For the first reason, adult readers take in words as units, and it would be unsuitable for “compositors, in settings not intended for young children, to break the eye’s track by introducing great gaps of white between words”. Words must flow smoothly into lines. For the second reason, the colour or “blackness” of the line looks better when it has close word-spacing, otherwise a widely-spaced line of text will appear grey.
Language can also be a factor that typographers would take into consideration for word spacing.[7] For a language like Latin, “most boundaries are marked by grammatical tags, and a smaller space is therefore sufficient”. In English, the ability to read a line easily, instead of needing to make sense of it first, is also attributed by good word spacing.
Word spacing has the ability to express the meaning and idea behind a word, which typographers consider when working on design works and text. With a written piece of text, the designer has to remember to make sure they do not add too much or too little space between words; otherwise it could ruin the texture and tone.
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