Why the least efficient forms of thinking may be the most valuable in the age of AI For most of modern management history, wasting time has been treated as a vice. This sensibility can be traced back to Frederick Taylor’s doctrine of scientific management, which recast work as an engineering problem and workers as components in a machine to be optimized, standardized, and controlled. In reducing human effort to measurable outputs and time-motion efficiencies, Taylorism marked the beginning of the end for seeing people as thinking agents, turning them instead into productivity units not unlike laboratory rats, rewarded or punished according to how efficiently they ran the maze.