GoKawiilAnode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs), which are manufactured without anode active material, offer great potential for high-energy-density, low-cost energy storage. However, AFLMBs face a long-standing challenge of short lifespan due to the harsh conditions of lacking excess Li-resource and an anode host1-8. This issue is associated with uneven Li deposition/dissolution, rooted in the micro-heterogeneity and mechanical fragility of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)9. Here we report a practical 500 Wh kg–1-level AFLMB with enhanced lifespan, achieved using a crossover-coupled electrolyte. The electrolyte triggers crossover-coupled interfacial reactions that generate a B–F-based polymer-rich SEI at the anode while suppressing gas evolution at the cathode. The resulting SEI exhibits sub-nanometer homogeneity, high flexibility, and rapid Li-ion transport, and it spontaneously develops a self-adaptive mesh-film structure that ensures uniform ion flux and large-volume-change accommodation, thereby realizing reversible planar Li deposition/dissolution of 5.6 mAh cm–2. Consequently, a 2.7 Ah AFLMB (508 Wh kg–1, 1668 Wh L–1) without any host-material coating demonstrates stable cycling for 100 cycles at 100% depth of discharge (DoD) and 250 cycles at 80% DoD, with 80% capacity retention and a high-power output of 2650 W kg–1 at 96 Wh kg–1. These findings establish crossover-coupled interphase chemistry and address the inherent structural instability of host-free electrodes, advancing the practical implementation of AFLMBs.
Planar Li deposition and dissolution enable practical anode-free pouch cells
Why This Matters
This breakthrough in anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) demonstrates a practical approach to achieving high energy density and extended lifespan by utilizing a crossover-coupled electrolyte that forms a stable, homogeneous SEI. This advancement addresses key challenges of uneven lithium deposition and mechanical fragility, paving the way for safer, more efficient, and cost-effective energy storage solutions for the tech industry and consumers. The development marks a significant step toward commercially viable high-performance lithium batteries without traditional anode materials.
Key Takeaways
- Introduction of a crossover-coupled electrolyte enhances SEI stability and uniform lithium deposition.
- Achieves high energy density (508 Wh/kg) and long cycle life (up to 250 cycles) in anode-free pouch cells.
- Advances practical, high-performance lithium batteries with potential for widespread commercial adoption.
Explore topics:
lithium metal batteries
solid electrolyte interphase
crossover-coupled electrolyte
anode-free pouch cells
lithium deposition
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