GoKawiil(a) Across syllable cosine similarity matrix of elastic net coefficient feature vectors predicting Maturity from acoustic Features (Maturity ~ Feature). (b) Control Maturity ~ Feature coefficients (Coef.) for individual acoustic features. Relationships vary dramatically in presence, direction, and magnitude. Points, syllables; bars, across-syllable mean. (c) Cosine similarities for elastic net Maturity ~ Feature coefficients (1 = same set of features predict maturity, 0 = no overlap, −1 = anti-alignment) show substantial variability in Features Across Syllables and some variability Within Syllables across days. (d) ArchT elastic net coefficients predicting a Feature from Laser (Feature ~ Laser) show small, inconsistent effects of Laser on Features. (e) Feature ~ Laser cosine similarities in ArchT show Laser affects different features both Across and Within Syllables. (f) Maturity ~ Feature vs. Feature ~ Laser coefficients in Ctl and ArchT. When a feature predicts maturity (x-axis), laser tends to push that feature in the opposite direction (y-axis). Each point represents one syllable/feature pair on one day. (g) Per-day cosine similarity between Features predicting Maturity and laser effects on those Features. Positive values indicate alignment and negative values anti-alignment in feature space. Actual/Shuffled difference in Ctl (KS-test: D = 0.097 n 1 = 279, n 2 = 279 × 10000 shuffles, p = 0.009) and ArchT (KS-test: D = 0.075 n 1 = 345, n 2 = 345 × 10000 shuffles, p = 0.04). In f,g average of 12 days per Ctl syllable, 13 per ArchT syllable. (h) Laser-induced change in coefficient of variation (CV) of acoustic features (2-way ANOVA (Group x Feature) detected only a main effect of Group F 1,610 = 10.5, p = 0.0013). (i-k) Laser-induced change (Δ) in: (i) standard deviation of maturity, (j) transition probability for the canonical (e.g., A → B) syllable sequence, and (k) within-motif inter-syllable intervals. In i-k, no significant within or between group effects detected (one-sample and unpaired t-tests). Bars, mean; points, syllables unless otherwise specified. In all panels, Ctl n = 23 syllables, 4 birds, ArchT n = 26 syllables, 6 birds. AM, Amplitude Modulation. Freq, Frequency. FM, Frequency Modulation. Var, Variance. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. ns, not significant.
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