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Multimodal adaptive optical microscope: in vivo imaging, molecules to organisms

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Why This Matters

The development of the multimodal adaptive optical microscope (MOSAIC) represents a significant advancement in in vivo imaging technology, enabling detailed visualization from molecules to entire organisms. Its sophisticated hardware, including tunable lasers, spatial light modulators, and custom masks, allows researchers to perform high-resolution, multi-dimensional imaging crucial for biological and medical research. This innovation enhances the capabilities of the tech industry and benefits consumers by accelerating scientific discoveries and potential medical breakthroughs.

Key Takeaways

Microscope hardware

A complete MOSAIC CAD model, bill of materials, and nearly 1,000 pages of installation, maintenance and operation instructions are available through a no-cost research license agreement with Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI).

Excitation sources

Visible lasers 405 nm, 100 mW (TOPTICA, IBEAM-SMART-405-S-BZ), 445 nm, 100 mW (IBEAM-SMART-445-S-BZ), 488 nm, 500 mW (MPB, 2RU-VFL-P-500-488-B1R), 514 nm, 1,000 mW (MPB, 2RU-VFL-P-1000-514-B1R), 560 nm, 1,000 mW (MPB, 2RU-VFL-P-1000-560-B1R), 607 nm, 1,000 mW (MPB, 2RU-VFL-P-1000-607-B1R) and 642 nm, 2,000 mW (MPB, 2RU-VFL-P-2000-6224-B1R) were coaligned in a custom laser combiner and passed through an Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter (AOTF; AA Optoelectronic, AOTFnC-400.650-CPCh-TN) driven via a four-channel Multi-Purpose Digital Synthesizer (AA, MPDS4C-B66-22-52.111) which allowed rapid, independent control of their laser amplitudes. The output beam from the AOTF was then sent free-space to the downstream optics.

The femtosecond laser used for TPM (Coherent Chameleon LS II, tunable from 680 nm to 1,080 nm, peak power >3.5 W) was first corrected for group velocity dispersion (GVD) via a prism compressor (Thorlabs) before passing through an infrared Acousto-Optic Modulator System (AOM; AA, MT110-B50A1.5-IR-Hk driven via MPDS1C-B6-34-85.135) to control the output power delivered to the downstream optics.

Spatial light modulator

A sample-conjugate SLM (Meadowlark P1920-0635-HDMI, 1,920 × 1,152 pixels) served multiple roles in MOSAIC: generation of LLS and 3D-SIM excitation patterns, five-axis alignment of the LLS to the detection focal plane, laser blanking, excitation AO correction, 3D phase modulation, light-sheet collimation and chromatic correction, and patterned photoactivation.

Mask

A motorized custom glass wheel with a circumferential series of different photolithographically produced patterned metallic masks (Thorlabs) specific to different light sheets or SIM patterns was used to pass only the desired first-order diffracted light while blocking the unwanted zeroth and higher orders.

Dichroic stack

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