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The fall of the theorem economy

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Why This Matters

This article highlights the importance of proper documentation and formalization in mathematical and technological advancements. It underscores how informal claims or incomplete work can hinder progress and the collective understanding within the tech industry, emphasizing the value of thorough research and clear communication for innovation.

Key Takeaways

“The product of mathematics is clarity and understanding. Not theorems, by themselves.”

—Bill Thurston

Handwritten diagram by Alexander Grothendieck

My best theorem is one I never wrote down.

It crystallized one bright morning in Lausanne, Switzerland, as I was preparing for my last invited conference talk. The proof felt so obvious—and the result so compelling—that I made the reckless move of editing my slides at the last minute. Time was running out and I could only include the announcement as an informal remark at the bottom of the last slide, instead of stating it as a proper theorem.

I had already quit academia and founded a machine-learning startup. I knew I would be too busy to write a clean proof and publish it. That was my excuse for being sloppy. I just wrote the remark and abandoned the slide deck as a message in a bottle.

My hope was that some bright young mathematician would pick it up someday and formalize the result as part of a broader theory. If I lucked out with the intrinsic randomness of attribution, I thought, it might even be remembered as the Bessis cellular decomposition theorem.

But that was stupid. By claiming the result, I had killed the incentive for anyone to write it up.

If I had to pick my second best result, it would be Theorem 0.5 in my old preprint on Garside categories. I had high ambitions for this paper, yet I ended up not submitting it anywhere. The creative process had drained me, and I left active research before regaining the courage to clean up the preliminary sections.

For a second best, this theorem is shockingly easy to prove. Once you get the preliminaries right, it only takes a few pages of pretty terrestrial group theory.

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