A Love Letter to Flashcards

This piece is a submission for IndieWeb Carnival May 2026: Write a love letter .

For a long time, flashcards were not on my radar for effective learning. I used it for English vocabulary when I was learning English as a teen, but I never considered using it for subjects that require deep understanding. When thinking about flashcards, an image that swiftly sprang to mind was of someone who mechanically memorizes definitions and equations, brute-forces through exams without comprehension. Such rote memorization is indeed detrimental to learning. This sentiment is common in STEM fields. A quick search leads to reddit posts like this where higher upvoted answers dismiss the value of flashcards.

My grandma was an expert in rote memorization. She didn’t have the opportunity to receive a basic education until she was 18, and she somehow passed exams as a semiliterate person by memorizing the content of whole essays, including punctuation! Later, she bulldozed through medical school and became the first college graduate in my family.

My perception changed through the learning how to learn course , where I relearned about Spaced repetition , the technique of reviewing topics at increasing intervals. Using spaced repetition as a general-purpose learning tool (rather than just for rote memorization of vocabulary) was perhaps the most important thing I learned from that course. The course also specifically mentioned Anki , perhaps the most famous flashcard software, as a way to facilitate spaced repetition.

I had a particular reason to take this seriously: my memory is terrible. I often even forget what I did the day before, and the same goes for things I’ve studied. Math is the worst. I learned it in intensive bursts, but I rarely use it day to day, and what I study now might not be useful for another five years. Naturally, calculus, linear algebra, probability, and even high school trigonometry have all quietly slipped away.

It turns out that math is very cumulative: theorems built upon theorems. If I am not fluent in the basics, I will quickly be inundated with all the new material. There is a psychological concept called chunking that describes the inverse of this: once one internalizes the basics, they can think at a higher level of abstraction. From this perspective, fields that require deep understanding, like math, require memory just as fields with a breadth of shallow knowledge do, though in different ways.

Now you may think that with today’s abundance of information, we can look up everything pretty quickly. That is true. But the quickest search is slower than your brain. Moreover, not everything can be easily looked up, especially what falls into insights rather than definitions. When you look it up, you will only find lengthy articles to impart their wisdom, and that will take weeks to digest (again, if you have learned but forgotten).

How do I actually use flashcards? My software of choice is Anki. I am not completely satisfied with it. The UI looks dated, the WYSIWYG HTML editor is clunky, and the undocumented file format makes potential porting and interoperability tricky. However, its ability to have a flexible card format is unparalleled. I’ve tried a few plain-text-based alternatives like Obsidian’s Spaced Repetition plugin , but they are not even remotely close to what I need.

I don’t use spaced repetition to replace traditional learning. In fact, it takes up only a small portion of my total learning time. One thing that’s right about the “common sense” in the STEM fields is that without understanding, flashcards are useless. You need to understand the materials first, and reading flashcards written by others is a really poor way to do that. Two corollaries follow:

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