GoKawiilScientists at the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign have uncovered evidence that could reshape how researchers think about both the brain and artificial intelligence. Their findings suggest that decision making begins much earlier in the brain than traditional theories propose, offering fresh ideas for designing future AI systems that are more capable and far more energy efficient.
Led by electrical and computer engineering professor Yurii Vlasov at The Grainger College of Engineering, the research was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS). The study points to an unexpected role for early sensory brain regions in decision making, challenging the long accepted view that decisions emerge only after information moves through a strict hierarchy of brain regions.
Rethinking How the Brain Makes Decisions
The human brain is widely regarded as the most complex structure in the known universe. Scientists still do not fully understand how it works, which is why reverse engineering the brain was identified by the National Academy of Engineering in 2008 as one of the 14 grand challenges for engineering in the 21st century.
For decades, many artificial intelligence systems, including convolutional neural networks, have been inspired by the idea that the brain processes information in a one way sequence. According to this traditional model, sensory information travels upward through increasingly complex brain regions until it reaches the frontal cortex, where decisions are made.
Vlasov and other researchers have increasingly questioned whether that picture is complete.
Instead, they are exploring a model based on natural intelligence, which has been refined through evolution over hundreds of millions of years. In this framework, the brain does not rely only on a step by step flow of information. Decision making also depends on interconnected feedback loops that allow information to move in both directions between brain regions.
Because biological intelligence performs remarkably complex tasks while using far less energy than today's AI systems, understanding this architecture could help guide the development of future artificial intelligence.
"We want to learn from a billion years of evolution," Vlasov said. "How is that biological intelligence organized architecturally? Can we learn from the architectural side of the brain and emulate that to make AI more effective, less power hungry, and more intelligent than it currently is? In the level of decision-making, that's where current AI is lacking."
Early Brain Regions Show Decision Making Activity
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