GoKawiilKudzin, M. H., Piwowarska, D., Festinger, N. & Chruściel, J. J. Risks associated with the presence of polyvinyl chloride in the environment and methods for its disposal and utilization. Materials 17, 173 (2024).
Statista. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) production volume worldwide in 2018 and 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/720296/global-polyvinyl-chloride-market-size-in-tons/ (2018).
ten Hietbrink, S., Materić, D., Holzinger, R., Groeskamp, S. & Niemann, H. Nanoplastic concentrations across the North Atlantic. Nature 643, 412–416 (2025).
Nosova, A. O. & Uspenskaya, M. V. Ecotoxicological effects and detection features of polyvinyl chloride microplastics in soils: a review. Environ. Adv. 13, 100437 (2023).
Worch, J. C. & Dove, A. P. 100th Anniversary of macromolecular science viewpoint: toward catalytic chemical recycling of waste (and future) plastics. ACS Macro Lett. 9, 1494–1506 (2020).
Cao, R. et al. Co-upcycling of polyvinyl chloride and polyesters. Nat. Sustain. 6, 1685–1692 (2023).
Feng, B., Jing, Y., Liu, X., Guo, Y. & Wang, Y. Waste PVC upcycling: transferring unmanageable Cl species into value-added Cl-containing chemicals. Appl. Catal. B 331, 122671 (2023).
Assefa, M. K. & Fieser, M. E. Divergent silylium catalysis enables facile poly(vinyl chloride) upcycling to poly(ethylene-co-styrene) derivatives. J. Mater. Chem. A 11, 2128–2132 (2023).
Kots, P. A., Vance, B. C., Quinn, C. M., Wang, C. & Vlachos, D. G. A two-stage strategy for upcycling chlorine-contaminated plastic waste. Nat. Sustain. 6, 1258–1267 (2023).
Jiang, H., Medina, E. A. & Stache, E. E. Upcycling poly(vinyl chloride) and polystyrene plastics using photothermal conversion. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 147, 2822–2828 (2025).
... continue reading