Antigen presentation by CD40⁺MHC-II⁺ astrocytes promotes CNS autoimmunity

This work was supported by grants NS142904, NS129778, ES02530 and ES029136 from the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), Mayer Foundation and PA-1604-08459 from the International Progressive MS Alliance. J.-H.L. was supported by the Basic Science Research Program funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)/Ministry of Education (2022R1A6A3A03071157) and a long-term postdoctoral fellowship funded by the Human Frontier Science Program (LT0015/2023-L). A.-R.K. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship program (Nurturing Next-generation Researchers) through the NRF funded by the Ministry of Education (2021R1A6A3A14039622). N.P. is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. J.E.K. was supported by the DoD Multiple Sclerosis Research Program EIRA no. MS230278 and the NIH T32 Cancer Neuroscience Training grant no. T32CA272386. J.J.Y. was supported by the UE5 NIH NINDS Research Education Program. H.-G.L. was supported by a Basic Science Research Program through the NRF funded by the Ministry of Education (2021R1A6A3A14039088). M.A.W. was supported by R01MH130458, R01MH132632, R01DA061199 and R00NS114111 from the NIH. C.F.A. was supported by a scholarship from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). T.I. was supported by the EMBO Postdoctoral Fellowship (ALTF: 1009-2021) and the Jerome-Lejeune Postdoctoral Fellowship. C.M.P. was supported by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (FG-2307-42209) and the Mayer Foundation. M.K. was supported by a Leopoldina Research Fellow Grant of the German Academy of Sciences. B.M.A. was supported by the Training Program in Nervous System Tumors (K12CA090354) from the National Cancer Institute (NCI)/NIH, the Career Enhancement Program for the NCI/NIH SPORE at the Harvard Cancer Center (P50CA165962) from the NCI/NIH, the Post-Doctoral Fellowship in Translational Medicine from the PhRMA Foundation, Cancer Neuroscience grant T32CA272386 from the NCI/NIH, and 1IK2BX006568-01A1 from the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development, Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development. P.D.-A. was supported by the EMBO Postdoctoral Fellowship (ALTF: 953-2025). B.S.K. and J.S.S. were supported by NS111583. J.L. was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the NRF funded by the Ministry of Education (RS-2025-02653596).