Across five randomized trials in India, Kenya, Nepal, the Philippines and Uganda, weekly 20-minute mobile-phone-call tutorials produced large learning gains for primary-school children during school closures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments can keep children learning through societal shocks using this approach, which combines low-cost, high-access mobile-phone technology with high-quality tutoring targeted to each child’s learning level.
Source research: Angrist, N. et al. Mobile education builds resilience during shocks in five countries. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10990-x (2026).
Messages for policy
• Education systems can be made more resilient by building mobile-phone tutoring into emergency responses, to ensure that learning continues when schools are closed because of disease, conflict or climate shocks.
• Prioritize live phone-call tutoring over text messages alone: calls worked in every country, whereas message-only support helped only in countries with long school closures.
• Deliver through government teachers with confidence: gains were as large under government guidance as when delivered by non-governmental organizations, showing that the approach can be scaled in public systems.
• Expect the largest returns where closures are longest and alternatives fewest. However, the low cost of US$11 per child makes phone tutoring attractive even outside emergencies.
The policy problem
Emergencies often close schools. Disease outbreaks, conflict and climate events disrupt education for at least 200 million children annually1. Emergency school closures worsen an existing learning crisis in which less than half of primary-school-age children (around 6–14 years old) in low- and middle-income countries can read a simple story or do basic arithmetic2. When classrooms close, education systems need alternative ways to keep children learning that are cheap, quick to deploy and workable across various settings. Yet rigorous evidence on which approaches work during emergencies is scarce, and programmes that succeed as small pilots often fail when scaled across contexts3 and when delivered by government systems. Proven, affordable tools that sustain learning across contexts when schooling is disrupted are needed.
The findings
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