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Neki

read original get Designing Data-Intensive Applications (O'Reilly, Martin Kleppmann) → more articles
Why This Matters

PlanetScale is extending its sharding expertise from MySQL to Postgres with Neki, now in platform preview. It targets the growing number of teams whose Postgres workloads outgrow a single machine, offering horizontal scale without application-level sharding or a Postgres-"compatible" reimplementation. If it delivers, it gives Postgres users a scaling path that keeps real Postgres, extensions, and an explicit shard key.

Key Takeaways
Worth a Look

Designing Data-Intensive Applications (O'Reilly, Martin Kleppmann) — If Neki's pitch about hitting the ceiling of a single Postgres machine resonates, this is the book that explains sharding, replication, and partitioning from first principles. It's the go-to reference for engineers deciding how to scale a database before the maintenance windows and vacuum pain arrive. A great desk companion for anyone evaluating distributed Postgres.

See Designing Data-Intensive Applications (O'Reilly, Martin Kleppmann) on Amazon → Affiliate link — we may earn a commission on purchases, at no extra cost to you. Product picked by AI based on this article; it is not a tested recommendation.

Nick Van Wiggeren [@ NickVanWig] | September 10, 2026

Neki is now available in platform preview.

Neki is built from lessons we’ve learned over eight years of running some of the largest sharded MySQL clusters in the world. Thousands of production workloads with millions of queries per second for companies where even a few seconds of downtime is a very public event. We know what it means to power the world’s biggest tier 0 workloads.

When we released PlanetScale Postgres a year and a half ago, we knew we needed to do more. In that time we’ve onboarded several thousands of customers on PlanetScale, some of them rivaling the size of our largest MySQL customers. Time and time again, we watched teams approach the ceiling of a single machine with Postgres. Metal bought them time, but with customers hitting the upper limit of what a single machine is capable of, we found there was no good option to hand them. Enter Neki.

You already know the problems that come with fast-growing Postgres databases: tables too large to vacuum or index without affecting traffic, backups taking hours, connection limits, maintenance windows for schema changes, transaction wraparound and so much more.

You can move to a bigger instance, but eventually you run out of big enough machines, and the problems don’t scale linearly as you add more cores and IOPS.

The existing answers each ask you to give something up. Application-level sharding pushes routing into your code. Postgres-”compatible” distributed databases hide the shard key from you, take away your extensions, and add complexity and latency which becomes difficult to handle and debug.

So we built Neki with a few principles, the biggest one being: stick to Postgres, don’t work around it, fake it, or turn away from it.

We architected Neki from first principles for Postgres, with real Postgres on every shard. There are four moving parts.

Your application first connects to a Neki router. The router speaks the Postgres wire protocol so your existing drivers and ORMs keep working with a single connection string. A router has a full Postgres query parser, a distributed query planner, query buffering and more. It parses your query, builds a plan that decides which shards should run it, sends the work out, and combines the results back into one stream. Routers can scale vertically and horizontally, so no single router becomes the bottleneck.

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