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How we rebuilt complex permissions without migrating to Zanzibar

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Why This Matters

A hands-on engineering account of adding folder-level access controls in Infisical without adopting Google's Zanzibar model, showing how authorization is deceptively hard even when the feature looks trivial to users. It matters because permissions are table stakes for enterprise deals and, in secrets management, mistakes mean leaked credentials or broken deployments.

Key Takeaways
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I recently built a simple feature most customers might never notice as a complex bit of engineering: Infisical users can now grant/deny access to single folders. This is the kind of thing that gets a brief mention in the all-hands and a one-line changelog entry.

RBAC, permissions, and authorization are the same class of engineering project as billing, schema migrations, and audit logs:

They're expected utilities

Users spend as little time on them as possible

They're tricky engineering projects, even when they look simple

The best case is no complaints and that the system is correct. It can never excel. There's no 10x RBAC system people rave about on Twitter. Access controls are a box a product checks, but not a killer feature.

That doesn’t make them less important. Enterprise buyers will never sign an order form without them. And in secrets management (one of the categories Infisical operates in), getting access wrong means someone sees credentials they shouldn't, or a customer’s deployment fails at three in the morning because a service lost access to a secret.

Tailscale and Oso have both written about why authorization is harder than it looks. Building folder-based access taught me the same thing from a different direction.

Why we built folder access

Conceptually, RBAC is simple. Each identity, human or machine, has a role (e.g. admin , member , or guest ) which carries permissions:

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