How to Use Em Dashes (–), En Dashes (–), and Hyphens (-)

What is an Em Dash? The em dash (—) can function like a comma, a colon, or parenthesis. Like commas and parentheses, em dashes set off extra information, such as examples, explanatory or descriptive phrases, or supplemental facts. Like a colon, an em dash introduces a clause that explains or expands upon something that precedes it. The Em Dash Indicates a New Direction An em dash can mark an abrupt change or break in the structure of a sentence. Mabel the Cat was delighted with the assortment of pastries the new bakery featured, but Harry the Dog—he felt otherwise, for the bakery did not offer cheese Danishes at all. An em dash can indicate interrupted speech or a speaker’s confusion or hesitation. “Of course you have a point,” Mabel murmured. “That is—I suppose it is concerning.” The Em Dash as Comma or Parenthesis Em dashes are used in place of commas or parentheses to emphasize or draw attention to parenthetical or amplifying material. In this particular task, em dashes occu ... Read full article.