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Writing an operating system kernel from scratch – RISC-V/OpenSBI/Zig

news.ycombinator.com Uros Popovic 2025-09-21 02:36:23

Posted on: September 13, 2025 | at 09:30 AM Follow @popovicu94 I recently implemented a minimal proof of concept time-sharing operating system kernel on RISC-V. In this post, I’ll share the details of how this prototype works. The target audience is anyone looking to understand low-level system software, drivers, system calls, etc., and I hope this will be especially useful to students of system software and computer architecture. This is a redo of an exercise I did for my undergraduate cours

Topics: interrupt kernel sp stack thread

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Writing an operating system kernel from scratch

news.ycombinator.com Uros Popovic 2025-09-27 03:44:44

Posted on: September 13, 2025 | at 09:30 AM Follow @popovicu94 I recently implemented a minimal proof of concept time-sharing operating system kernel on RISC-V. In this post, I’ll share the details of how this prototype works. The target audience is anyone looking to understand low-level system software, drivers, system calls, etc., and I hope this will be especially useful to students of system software and computer architecture. This is a redo of an exercise I did for my undergraduate cours

Topics: interrupt kernel sp stack thread

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NT OS Kernel Information Disclosure Vulnerability

news.ycombinator.com Hieu.Q 2025-09-30 10:13:09

Reading Time: 4 minutes Introduction Microsoft mitigated many traditional kernel information leaks starting with Windows 11/Windows Server 2022 24H2, including calls such as NtQuerySystemInformation() (when used with the SystemModuleInformation class), by suppressing kernel base addresses unless the caller had the SeDebugPrivilege , typically reserved for administrative processes. That change effectively neutered one of the most accessible KASLR bypass techniques, and, without knowledge of the

Topics: bug function kernel time user

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Using Claude Code to modernize a 25-year-old kernel driver

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-10-08 09:53:47

As a bit of background, one of my hobbies is helping people recover data from old tape cartridges, such as QIC-80 tapes, which were a rather popular backup medium in the 1990s among individuals, small businesses, BBS operators, and the like. I have a soft spot for tape media; there’s something about the tactile sensation of holding these tapes in my hands that makes the whole process very joyful, even though QIC tapes are notorious for their many design flaws. With some careful inspection and re

Topics: claude driver kernel module tape

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Linux Mint 22.2 'Zara' makes my favorite distro even better - what's new

zdnet.com Steven Vaughan-Nichols 2025-10-10 03:31:00

My highly customized Linux Mint 22.2 Zara desktop runs like a charm. sjvn Follow ZDNET: Add us as a preferred source on Google. ZDNET's key takeaways Linux Mint Zara is an excellent desktop for both Linux and Windows users looking for a change. Linux Mint 22.2 comes with numerous modest improvements. You can run the new Mint without worrying about needing to make major updates. Clement "Clem" Lefebvre and the rest of the Linux Mint team have done it again. With the release of Linux Mint 22

Topics: 22 desktop kernel linux mint

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Heap-based buffer overflow in Kernel Streaming

news.ycombinator.com Aleksandr.K 2025-10-10 00:39:41

Reading Time: 4 minutes From time to time, while digging through internals during our research, we stumble upon quirks or vulnerabilities that, although not immediately useful for operations or exploitation, are still noteworthy. Rather than letting these findings fade away, we decided to responsibly disclose them to the vendor. One such case is CVE-2025-53149, a heap-based buffer overflow in the Kernel Streaming WOW Thunk Service Driver, which Microsoft patched on August 12, 2025. The vulnera

Topics: 2025 cksautomationthunk function kernel ksproperty

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My favorite Linux distro just got even better with Linux Mint 22.2 'Zara' - what's new

zdnet.com Steven Vaughan-Nichols 2025-10-12 07:10:00

My highly customized Linux Mint 22.2 Zara desktop runs like a charm. sjvn Follow ZDNET: Add us as a preferred source on Google. ZDNET's key takeaways Linux Mint Zara is an excellent desktop for both Linux and Windows users looking for a change. Linux Mint 22.2 comes with numerous modest improvements. You can run the new Mint without worrying about needing to make major updates. Clement "Clem" Lefebvre and the rest of the Linux Mint team have done it again. With the release of Linux Mint 22

Topics: 22 desktop kernel linux mint

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Linux Mint 22.2 delivers fresh features and polish for everyday Linux users - and longtime fans

zdnet.com Steven Vaughan-Nichols 2025-10-12 22:03:35

My highly customized Linux Mint 22.2 Zara desktop runs like a charm. sjvn Follow ZDNET: Add us as a preferred source on Google. ZDNET's key takeaways Linux Mint Zara is an excellent desktop for both Linux and Windows users looking for a change. Linux Mint 22.2 comes with numerous modest improvements. You can run the new Mint without worrying about needing to make major updates. Clement "Clem" Lefebvre and the rest of the Linux Mint team have done it again. With the release of Linux Mint 22

Topics: 22 desktop kernel linux mint

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What Happens During Startup?

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-10-11 09:35:00

With careful observation and a little knowledge of the startup sequence of an Apple silicon Mac, you can learn a lot about what can and can’t happen during that sequence. This article explains how, with examples from the log of a Mac mini M4 Pro. In broad terms, startup of an Apple silicon Mac consists of the following sequence of events: Boot ROM, which ends in DFU mode if there’s a problem, otherwise it hands on to the Low-Level Bootloader (LLB) and iBoot (Stage 2), the firmware, that shoul

Topics: apple data kernel log volume

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F-Stack – A network development kit with high performance based on DPDK

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-10-19 12:37:28

Introduction With the rapid development of NIC, the poor performance of data packets processing with Linux kernel has become the bottleneck. However, the rapid development of the Internet needs high performance of network processing, kernel bypass has caught more and more attention. There are various similar technologies appear, such as DPDK, NETMAP and PF_RING. The main idea of kernel bypass is that Linux is only used to deal with control flow, all data streams are processed in user space. The

Topics: bypass dpdk high kernel performance

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Object-oriented design patterns in C and kernel development

news.ycombinator.com Oshub Team 2025-10-24 22:34:15

My scheduler operations implementation A benefit of working on your own operating system is that you’re free from the usual "restraints" of collaboration and real applications. That has always been a major factor in my interest in osdev. You don’t have to worry about releasing your program, or about critical security vulnerabilities, or about hundreds of people having to maintain your code. A benefit of working on your own operating system is that you’re free from the usual "restraints" of co

Topics: interface kernel object struct void

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The use of LLM assistants for kernel development

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-10-30 12:02:05

On the use of LLM assistants for kernel development This article brought to you by LWN subscribers Subscribers to LWN.net made this article — and everything that surrounds it — possible. If you appreciate our content, please buy a subscription and make the next set of articles possible. By some appearances, at least, the kernel community has been relatively insulated from the onslaught of AI-driven software-development tools. There has not been a flood of vibe-coded memory-management patches —

Topics: kernel llm patch patches tools

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The issue of anti-cheat on Linux (2024)

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-10-30 10:09:33

The number of people choosing Linux as their primary operating system to play games has been slowly but steadily going up, at least according to the Steam hardware survey. This is most likely because of the Steam Deck release and the increasingly obnoxious features being added to Windows. If you switch to Linux today, you’ll probably be surprised by how many games run out of the box just fine (mostly due to the Windows compatibility layer Proton built right into Steam), except for basically all

Topics: anti cheat game just kernel

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The issue of anti-cheat on Linux

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-10-31 01:09:33

The number of people choosing Linux as their primary operating system to play games has been slowly but steadily going up, at least according to the Steam hardware survey. This is most likely because of the Steam Deck release and the increasingly obnoxious features being added to Windows. If you switch to Linux today, you’ll probably be surprised by how many games run out of the box just fine (mostly due to the Windows compatibility layer Proton built right into Steam), except for basically all

Topics: anti cheat game just kernel

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Io_uring, kTLS and Rust for zero syscall HTTPS server

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-11-02 00:51:44

This is my personal blog. The views expressed on these pages are mine alone and not those of my employer. Around the turn of the century we started to get a bigger need for high capacity web servers. For example there was the C10k problem paper. At the time, the kinds of things done to reduce work done per request was pre-forking the web server. This means a request could be handled without an expensive process creation. Because yes, creating a new process for every request used to be somethi

Topics: kernel memory queue server web

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AI is creeping into the Linux kernel - and official policy is needed ASAP

zdnet.com Steven Vaughan-Nichols 2025-11-04 06:46:10

Elyse Betters Picaro / ZDNET ZDNET's key takeaways Linux kernel developers are already using AI. AI helps Linux programmers, but they're careful how they use it. Linux kernel maintainers must decide key AI policy issues. Get more in-depth ZDNET: Add us as a preferred Google source on Chrome and Chromium browsers. Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella has suggested as much as 30% of the company's code is now written by AI. While Microsoft may love AI code-writing tools, open-source and Linux develope

Topics: ai code developers kernel linux

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A Visual Exploration of Gaussian Processes (2019)

news.ycombinator.com Görtler 2025-11-11 00:21:43

Even if you have spent some time reading about machine learning, chances are that you have never heard of Gaussian processes. And if you have, rehearsing the basics is always a good way to refresh your memory. With this blog post we want to give an introduction to Gaussian processes and make the mathematical intuition behind them more approachable. Gaussian processes are a powerful tool in the machine learning toolbox . They allow us to make predictions about our data by incorporating prior kno

Topics: distribution gaussian kernel points processes

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Bouncing on trampolines to run eBPF programs

news.ycombinator.com View All Posts Alexis Lothoré 2025-11-21 23:37:29

This blog post is the second installment in our eBPF blog post series, following our blog post about eBPF selftests. As eBP F is more and more used in the industry, eBPF kernel developers give considerable attention to eBPF performance: some standard use cases like system monitoring involve hundreds of eBPF programs attached to events triggered at high frequencies. It is then paramount to keep eBPF programs execution overhead as low as possible. This blog post aims to shed some light on an inte

Topics: ebpf function kernel program programs

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Writing a Rust GPU kernel driver: a brief introduction on how GPU drivers work

news.ycombinator.com Writing A Rust Gpu Kernel Driver 2025-12-03 10:00:54

This post is the second iteration of a series of posts that provide an in-depth look at the development of Tyr, a state-of-the-art Rust GPU driver for the Linux Kernel, supporting Arm Mali CSF-based GPUs. As promised in the first iteration, we will now explore how GPU drivers work in more detail by exploring an application known as VkCube . As the program name implies, this application uses the Vulkan API to render a rotating cube on the screen. Its simplicity makes it a prime candidate to be u

Topics: driver gpu hardware kernel umd

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Introduction to Unikernel: Building, deploying lightweight, secure applications

news.ycombinator.com Om Prakash Yadav 2025-12-03 02:22:45

Have you ever wondered what it would be like to have everything in the world just for yourself — where every resource and every service is just for you? Imagine you have rented a private villa on a small, quiet island. Everything in the villa — the rooms, the pool, and the beach — is just for you. No other guests can use anything there, and the staff are there just for you. Isn’t that exciting? I’m sure it is! This concept also applies to applications, which are given their own space to work in

Topics: aws copy nanos ops unikernels

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Unikernel Guide: Build and Deploy Lightweight, Secure Apps

news.ycombinator.com Om Prakash Yadav 2025-12-09 18:36:04

Have you ever wondered what it would be like to have everything in the world just for yourself — where every resource and every service is just for you? Imagine you have rented a private villa on a small, quiet island. Everything in the villa — the rooms, the pool, and the beach — is just for you. No other guests can use anything there, and the staff are there just for you. Isn’t that exciting? I’m sure it is! This concept also applies to applications, which are given their own space to work in

Topics: aws copy nanos ops unikernels

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QUIC for the kernel

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-12-13 16:57:32

QUIC for the kernel Ready to give LWN a try? With a subscription to LWN, you can stay current with what is happening in the Linux and free-software community and take advantage of subscriber-only site features. We are pleased to offer you a free trial subscription, no credit card required, so that you can see for yourself. Please, join us! The QUIC transport-layer network protocol is not exactly new; it was first covered here in 2013. Despite carrying a significant part of the traffic on the I

Topics: kernel protocol quic support tcp

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QUIC for the Kernel

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-12-14 04:57:32

QUIC for the kernel The QUIC transport-layer network protocol is not exactly new; it was first covered here in 2013. Despite carrying a significant part of the traffic on the Internet, QUIC has been anything but quick when it comes to getting support into the Linux kernel. The pace might be picking up, though; Xin Long has posted the first set of patches intended to provide mainline support for this protocol. QUIC was created to address a number of problems that have been observed with TCP on

Topics: kernel protocol quic support tcp

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What is gVisor?

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-12-14 20:40:22

It has been a really long time since I last wrote something here as life happens, things get busier, etc etc. I am now trying to get back into writing things down and here we go! So, imagine a tool or a service that allows you to run some arbitrary code via a shell. Either through a ssh or more commonly, via a web terminal. How does these tools isolate your code from other people’s code and vice versa ? How come you cannot see other people code or processes ? The first thing you probably be th

Topics: container gvisor host kernel sentry

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Blog series on creating an OS in Rust

news.ycombinator.com Philipp Oppermann 2025-12-17 08:01:10

Writing an OS in Rust This blog series creates a small operating system in the Rust programming language. Each post is a small tutorial and includes all needed code, so you can follow along if you like. The source code is also available in the corresponding Github repository. Latest post: Async/Await Bare Bones Interrupts CPU Exceptions CPU exceptions occur in various erroneous situations, for example, when accessing an invalid memory address or when dividing by zero. To react to them, we ha

Topics: allocation kernel memory post read

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Cedana (YC S23) Is Hiring a Systems Engineer

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-12-17 20:00:30

At Cedana, we are solving what many thought was impossible: the seamless, live migration of active CPU+GPU containers across global compute. We're building the next generation of AI orchestration systems, founded on our pioneering work in checkpoint/restore technology. This isn't just an incremental improvement; it's a fundamental shift that makes distributed computing truly portable, elastic, and resilient across planet scale compute. This is an exceptionally difficult systems problem that req

Topics: container distributed kernel kubernetes systems

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Linux 6.16: faster file systems, improved confidential memory, more Rust support

news.ycombinator.com Steven Vaughan-Nichols 2025-12-18 22:09:58

herraez/Getty Images The changes in the latest Linux kernel, Linux 6.16, may be small, but they include some significant ones. Linus Torvalds himself summed up this release as looking fine, small, and calm, but not "really not all that interesting (in all the best ways!)." Here's my list of what's new and improved. First, the Rust language is continuing to become more well-integrated into the kernel. At the top of my list is that the kernel now boasts Rust bindings for the driver core and PCI

Topics: kernel linux new rust torvalds

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Linux 6.16 brings faster file systems, improved confidential memory, & more Rust

news.ycombinator.com Steven Vaughan-Nichols 2025-12-19 10:09:58

herraez/Getty Images The changes in the latest Linux kernel, Linux 6.16, may be small, but they include some significant ones. Linus Torvalds himself summed up this release as looking fine, small, and calm, but not "really not all that interesting (in all the best ways!)." Here's my list of what's new and improved. First, the Rust language is continuing to become more well-integrated into the kernel. At the top of my list is that the kernel now boasts Rust bindings for the driver core and PCI

Topics: kernel linux new rust torvalds

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KernelScript eBPF-centric programming language

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-12-19 15:33:00

KernelScript ⚠️ Beta Version Notice KernelScript is currently in beta development. The language syntax, APIs, and features are subject to change at any time without backward compatibility guarantees. This software is intended for experimental use and early feedback. Production use is not recommended at this time. A Domain-Specific Programming Language for eBPF-Centric Development KernelScript is a modern, type-safe, domain-specific programming language that unifies eBPF, userspace, and kernel

Topics: ebpf kernel kernelscript my_project programs

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Linux 6.16 brings faster file systems, improved confidential memory support, and more Rust support

zdnet.com Steven Vaughan-Nichols 2025-12-20 22:40:13

herraez/Getty Images The changes in the latest Linux kernel, Linux 6.16, may be small, but they include some significant ones. Linus Torvalds himself summed up this release as looking fine, small, and calm, but not "really not all that interesting (in all the best ways!)." Here's my list of what's new and improved. First, the Rust language is continuing to become more well-integrated into the kernel. At the top of my list is that the kernel now boasts Rust bindings for the driver core and PCI

Topics: kernel linux new rust torvalds

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Latest Tech News

Writing an operating system kernel from scratch – RISC-V/OpenSBI/Zig

Writing an operating system kernel from scratch

NT OS Kernel Information Disclosure Vulnerability

Using Claude Code to modernize a 25-year-old kernel driver

Linux Mint 22.2 'Zara' makes my favorite distro even better - what's new

Heap-based buffer overflow in Kernel Streaming

My favorite Linux distro just got even better with Linux Mint 22.2 'Zara' - what's new

Linux Mint 22.2 delivers fresh features and polish for everyday Linux users - and longtime fans

What Happens During Startup?

F-Stack – A network development kit with high performance based on DPDK

Object-oriented design patterns in C and kernel development

The use of LLM assistants for kernel development

The issue of anti-cheat on Linux (2024)

The issue of anti-cheat on Linux

Io_uring, kTLS and Rust for zero syscall HTTPS server

AI is creeping into the Linux kernel - and official policy is needed ASAP

A Visual Exploration of Gaussian Processes (2019)

Bouncing on trampolines to run eBPF programs

Writing a Rust GPU kernel driver: a brief introduction on how GPU drivers work

Introduction to Unikernel: Building, deploying lightweight, secure applications

Unikernel Guide: Build and Deploy Lightweight, Secure Apps

QUIC for the kernel

QUIC for the Kernel

What is gVisor?

Blog series on creating an OS in Rust

Cedana (YC S23) Is Hiring a Systems Engineer

Linux 6.16: faster file systems, improved confidential memory, more Rust support

Linux 6.16 brings faster file systems, improved confidential memory, & more Rust

KernelScript eBPF-centric programming language

Linux 6.16 brings faster file systems, improved confidential memory support, and more Rust support

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