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Wait, What? NASA Found Signs of Ancient Alien Life on Mars

NASA released a significant update from the Perseverance Mars rover on Sept. 10, focusing on a particularly juicy tidbit for those watching from home: A small rock sample called Sapphire Canyon showed signs of potential biosignatures, or ancient alien life that may have once grown on Mars. That's possible because of the unique location where Perseverance located the sample in July 2024. It came from a rock named Cheyava Falls. This particular rock is in Jezero Crater, home to an ancient dry riv

The Last Vestal Virgin and the Fall of Rome

Ask twenty different people what led to the fall of Rome, and you’ll get twenty different answers. Experts will give you an array of opinions, depending on their area of specialization or what thesis paper they’re writing. There is no single right answer. Political squabbling, weakened borders, a diluted army, disease, economic crises... some even say it was because of lead in the pipes. The fall of the Roman Empire—why it happened, and when exactly—it’s a huge subject. Yet there were people li

A forgotten medieval fruit with a vulgar name (2021)

Medieval Europeans were fanatical about a strange fruit that could only be eaten rotten. Then it was forgotten altogether. Why did they love it so much? And why did it disappear? In 2011, archaeologists found something unusual in a Roman toilet. The team were excavating the ancient village of Tasgetium (now Eschenz, Switzerland), ruled by a Celtic king who was personally given the land by Julius Caesar. It was built on the banks of the river Rhine, along what was then an important trade route

Deeper Than Deep: David Reich's genetics lab unveils our prehistoric past (2017)

“It’s like the discovery of the New World,” David Reich tells me. “Everything is new, nobody’s looked at it in this way before, so how can things not be interesting?” The excitement surrounding David Reich’s ancient genetics lab at Harvard Medical School is almost palpable. Journals like Science and Nature are unstinting in their praise of the work being done in the Reich Laboratory. Reich and his colleagues are rewriting the history of the human species. Like a scientific Cecil B. DeMille, the

The oldest unopened bottle of wine in the world

Image by Immanuel Giel, via Wiki­me­dia Com­mons It’s an old TV and movie trope: the man of wealth and taste, often but not always a supervil­lain, offers his dis­tin­guished guest a bot­tle of wine, his finest, an ancient vin­tage from one of the most ven­er­a­ble vine­yards. We might fol­low the motif back at least to Edgar Allan Poe, whose “Cask of Amon­til­la­do” puts an espe­cial­ly devi­ous spin on the trea­sured bottle’s sin­is­ter con­no­ta­tions. If our suave and pos­si­bly dead­ly ho

Topics: ancient er ing ly wine

1,600-Year-Old Depiction of Roman Flip-Flops Look So Real It Makes You Want to Wear Them

The ancient estate of Villa Romana del Casale in Sicily is known for featuring some of the most beautiful examples of Roman mosaics preserved in their original location. As if the site wasn’t already famous enough, researchers and students have uncovered a mosaic of sandals so modern-looking they could be straight out of a Havaianas commercial. The sandals, part of a larger mosaic decorating the floors of the villa’s southern thermal area, consist of two pale flip-flops with slightly elongated

Impossibly Intricate Tattoos Found on 2,000-Year-Old ‘Ice Mummy’

For the first time, archeologists have gotten a detailed look at the intricate tattoos on a 2,000-year-old ice mummy, found buried deep within the permafrost-covered mountains of Siberia. These tattoos would be challenging to produce even today, the researchers say, suggesting that ancient tattoo artists possessed a considerable degree of skill. With help from modern tattoo artists, an international team of researchers examined the mummy’s tattoos in unprecedented detail and identified the too

Making Roman concrete produces as much CO2 as modern concrete

Builders in ancient Rome used a special kind of ancient concrete to construct their aqueducts, bridges, and buildings. But is Roman concrete more sustainable than the Portland cement used in today's concrete? The answer is more nuanced than one might think, according to a new paper published in the journal iScience. Roman concrete produces as much CO 2 as modern methods, but fewer air pollutants. As we've reported previously, like today's Portland cement (a basic ingredient of modern concrete),

This Ancient Roman Artifact Is Also a 453 Million-Year-Old Fossil

Despite how Ross’ paleontology career is treated by his companions in Friends, there’s something special about finding the remains of creatures that lived millions if not billions of years before us. In fact, humanity’s interest in paleontology isn’t a modern development. Ancient Romans were just as fascinated by fossils. According to the ancient Roman historian Suetonius, Emperor Augustus established the first known paleontological museum at his villa on the island of Capri, where he showcased

Scientists Teach AI to Think About the Roman Empire

Historians don't know when the Ancient Roman text "Res Gestae Divi Augusti," a chronicle of Emperor Augustus's deeds, was first written, since these kind of epigraphs tend to not contain any written dates. Enter our hero Aeneas — not the mythological forefather of Rome, but a generative AI model that's been trained on Ancient Roman texts. According to The New York Times, the Aeneas AI pinpointed the date of the Augustus epigraph to around 15 CE, soon after his death in 14 CE. Aeneas, developed

The Download: gas and oil’s role in climate tech, and using AI to decipher ancient Latin

—Casey Crownhart After writing about Quaise, a geothermal startup that’s trying to commercialize new drilling technology, I've been thinking about the role oil and gas companies are playing in the energy transition. It’s becoming increasingly common in climate tech to see a startup join up with a bigger fossil fuel company in its field, like Quaise has with Nabors Industries, one of the biggest drilling firms in the world. This industry has resources and energy expertise—but also a vested inte

Scientists Finally Sequenced the First Ancient Egyptian Genome

Scientists have, for the first time, sequenced the entire genome of an ancient Egyptian who lived approximately 4,500 to 4,800 years ago. The feat was achieved by a team of researchers at the Francis Crick Institute and Liverpool John Moores University, who published their findings in Nature. According to the study, the ancient individual’s genetic ancestry traces back to populations in both North Africa and West Asia, shedding light on the genetic diversity of early Egyptians. Researchers fir

Ancient DNA Unlocks the Secret Recipe of Roman Fish Sauce

Ancient Romans were known for creating delicious sauces, including garum—a famous fish-based condiment. Scientists studying ancient DNA from a Roman-era salting plant in Spain have found that European sardines were the key ingredient. Fish was an important part of the ancient Roman diet, and Romans processed their catch for long-term preservation in coastal fish-salting plants called cetariae. There, they crushed and fermented small fish into pastes and sauces such as the iconic umami-flavored

Research roundup: 6 cool science stories we almost missed

It's a regrettable reality that there is never enough time to cover all the interesting scientific stories we come across each month. In the past, we've featured year-end roundups of cool science stories we (almost) missed. This year, we're experimenting with a monthly collection. June's list includes the final results from the Muon g-2 experiment, re-creating the recipe for Egyptian blue, embedding coded messages in ice bubbles, and why cats seem to have a marked preference for sleeping on thei

Scientists Retrace 30k-Year-Old Sea Voyage, in a Hollowed-Out Log

In 1947, against the best navigational advice, the Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdahl and five crew members set sail from Peru on a balsa wood raft to test his theory that ancient South American cultures could have reached Polynesia. The frail vessel, called Kon-Tiki, crossed several thousand nautical miles of the Pacific in 103 days and showed that his anthropological hunch was at least feasible. In 2019, in much the same spirit, a research team led by Yousuke Kaifu, an anthropologist at the Un

Topics: ancient crew dr kaifu kon

3 things Rhiannon Williams is into right now

The last good Instagram account It’s a truth universally acknowledged that social media is a Bad Vibe. Thankfully, there is still one Instagram account worth following that’s just as incisive, funny, and scathing today as when it was founded back in 2016: Every Outfit (@everyoutfitonsatc). Originally conceived as an homage to Sex and the City’s iconic fashion, Every Outfit has since evolved into a wider cultural critique and spawned a podcast of the same name that I love listening to while runn