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Word numbers: Billion approaches (2008)

Word numbers, Part 1: Billion approaches ITA Software recruits computer scientists using puzzles such as the following. If the integers from 1 to 999,999,999 are written as words, sorted alphabetically, and concatenated, what is the 51 billionth letter? In a series of posts, Dylan Thurston and I will solve this problem step by step, introducing concepts such as monoids and differentiation along the way. We will use the programming language Haskell: every post will be a literate program that y

WordNumbers: Counting letters of number names, alphabetized and concatenated

Word numbers, Part 1: Billion approaches ITA Software recruits computer scientists using puzzles such as the following. If the integers from 1 to 999,999,999 are written as words, sorted alphabetically, and concatenated, what is the 51 billionth letter? In a series of posts, Dylan Thurston and I will solve this problem step by step, introducing concepts such as monoids and differentiation along the way. We will use the programming language Haskell: every post will be a literate program that y

The Quest to Find the Longest-Running Simple Computer Program

The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. Imagine that someone gives you a list of five numbers: 1, 6, 21, 107 and—wait for it—47,176,870. Can you guess what comes next? If you’re stumped, you’re not alone. These are the first five busy beaver numbers. They form a sequence that’s intimately tied to one of the most notoriously difficult questions in theoretical computer science. Determining the values of busy beaver numbers is a daunting challenge that has attracted a cult

Love the Pixel 10? You can now wear it on your sleeve, almost literally

Google TL;DR Google has launched new Pixel 10-themed merchandise. The T-Shirt, ceramic mug, and a roll of washi tape, all come with a coded message. Besides online, Google will also sell these items in its physical stores across the US. Google has just dropped a new set of merchandise in succession of the Pixel 10 series phones announced last month. The newly added products include a coffee mug, a full-sleeve T-shirt, and a roll of washi tape. All of these products are available in black an

$1B Powerball Is Minting Social Media Gold

Powerball just hit a billion dollars, and people are freaking out about it. For 39 draws in a row, no ticket matched all six numbers for the Powerball jackpot. The last draw was on Saturday night. Now, for the next drawing on Labor Day, the jackpot has snowballed to $1.1 billion and will be the game’s fifth-largest prize ever, according to a statement from the lottery. The largest jackpot prize ever was cashed out in November 2022 by Edwin Castro, a California man who scored a $2.04 billion do

Can AI Predict Powerball Numbers?

With the Powerball ballooning to $650 million after Wednesday’s drawing, hopeful players have been asking: Is winning the lottery a matter of luck or something that science and artificial intelligence can predict? Three students at the University of Salento in southern Italy say that science wins out. They say they used AI to analyze patterns from past draws to predict future winning numbers. Their experimental approach resulted in a €43,000 jackpot in April, which now has people wondering if

Scammers have infiltrated Google's AI responses - how to spot them

Reddit / Elyse Betters Picaro / ZDNET ZDNET's key takeaways Scammers are exploiting AI to trick people looking for customer numbers. Google's AI Overview, AI Mode, and OpenAI's ChatGPT are vulnerable. Run a regular search, or head to the company's website to find a number. Get more in-depth ZDNET tech coverage: Add us as a preferred Google source on Chrome and Chromium browsers. Do you ever use Google's AI-powered search to look for customer service numbers and other contact info? If so, y

Scammers are sneaking into Google's AI summaries to steal from you - how to spot them

Moor Studio/ DigitalVision Vectors via Getty Images ZDNET's key takeaways Scammers are exploiting AI to trick people looking for customer numbers. Google's AI Overview, AI Mode, and OpenAI's ChatGPT are vulnerable. Run a regular search or head to the company's website to find a number. Get more in-depth ZDNET tech coverage: Add us as a preferred Google source on Chrome and Chromium browsers. Do you ever use Google's AI-powered search to look for customer service numbers and other contact i

Think twice about using numbers supplied by Google’s AI Overviews

Tushar Mehta / Android Authority TL;DR Google’s AI Overviews have been sharing the wrong customer support numbers in some of its summaries. This has resulted in certain users contacting scammers instead of the company they were searching for. Google is reportedly aware of the issue. Most AI tools have disclaimers that some of the information they provide might not be factual. But this hasn’t stopped companies from rolling out chatbots to more apps and search engines, leading to many instance

What are the real numbers, really? (2024)

What is a real number? Let us consider the real continuum. The classical discovery of irrational numbers reveals gaps in the rational number line: the place where √2 would be, if it were rational, is a hole in the rational line. Thus, the rational numbers are seen to be incomplete. One seeks to complete them, to fill these holes, forming the real number line ℝ. Please enjoy this free extended excerpt from Lectures on the Philosophy of Mathematics, published with MIT Press 2021, an introduction

Incan numerical recordkeeping system may have been widely used

Inca bureaucrats recorded all the goings-on in their bustling empire using knotted cords called khipu, where the position and order of the knots represented numbers. They relied on the khipu system to track people, taxes, produce, livestock, and products like woven cloth and beer. Because khipu were so vital to the Inca government, and because the khipu itself is such a sophisticated way of recording numbers, colonial writers decided that these tools must be the exclusive knowledge of a very sp

Myths About Floating-Point Numbers (2021)

Floating-point numbers are a great invention in computer science, but they can also be tricky and troublesome to use correctly. I’ve written about them already by publishing Floating-Point Formats Cheatsheet and presentation “Pitfalls of floating-point numbers” (“Pułapki liczb zmiennoprzecinkowych” – the slides are in Polish). Last year I was preparing for a more extensive talk about this topic, but it got cancelled, like pretty much everything in these hard times of the COVID-19 pandemic. So in

We'd be better off with 9-bit bytes

We'd be Better Off with 9-bit Bytes A number of 70s computing systems had nine-bit bytes, most prominently the PDP-10, but today [1 Apparently, it was the System/360 that really set the standard here.] all systems use 8-bit bytes and that now seems natural. [2 Though you still see RFCs use "octet", and the C standard has a CHAR_BITS macro, to handle the possibility of a different-sized byte.] As a power of two, eight is definitely nicer. But I think a series of historical coincidences would act

Topics: 18 bit byte maybe numbers

Structural-Demographic Theory

The causes of revolutions and major rebellions are in many ways similar to processes that cause earthquakes (Goldstone 1991: 35). In both revolutions and earthquakes it is useful to distinguish the structural conditions (pressures, which build up slowly) from triggers (sudden releasing events, which immediately precede a social or geological eruption). Specific triggers of political upheavals, such as self-immolation of a fruit vendor, which triggered the Arabic Spring in Tunisia, are very hard

I wasted weeks hand optimizing assembly because I benchmarked on random data

Once upon a time I worked in the field of Java Optimizations. The target system was a distributed data processing platform that ran across hundreds of thousands of machines. At such scales, a 0.5% improvement would easily make up my salary going forward, and 2% was a good result for the half. That doesn’t mean it was easy. Never have I ever seen such a highly optimized Java codebase. Not before, not since. Every low hanging fruit had long since been picked clean. For example, there was minima

iOS 26 developer beta 4 brings Silence Unknown Callers to Call Screening

If you’re running the developer beta on your iPhone and get a lot of spam or robocalls, you might have noticed that the Silence Unknown Callers feature had gone missing, at least for some users. With today’s beta release, it’s back, now integrated as part of the new Call Screening feature. Call Screening is one of the most useful features coming in iOS 26. When enabled, your iPhone will automatically answer calls from unknown numbers, ask the caller for more information, and decide whether to l

Linux has over 6% of the desktop market? Yes, you read that right - here's how

SJVN / Elyse Betters Picaro / ZDNET At long last, after years of waiting for the "Year of the Linux desktop," we're getting somewhere. According to the US Federal Government Website and App Analytics, which I trust far more than I do StatCounter, 6% of its visitors over the last month were using Linux operating systems. Downright impressive This website keeps track of US government website visits and analyzes them. On average, there have been 1.6 billion sessions in the last 30 days, with mi

Qantas data breach sees up to 6M customer records at risk

A Qantas data breach resulting from a cybersecurity attack has put up to 6M customer records at risk of exposure, with names, email addresses, phone numbers, and dates of birth confirmed to be included. The hack was of a contact center database operated by one of the airline’s partners … Qantas says it is too early to determine how many customers have been affected, but says it expects it to be a “significant” proportion of the 6M total. On Monday, we detected unusual activity on a third party

Qantas data breach exposes up to six million customer profiles

Qantas data breach exposes up to six million customer profiles 2 hours ago Share Save Tabby Wilson BBC News, Sydney Share Save Reuters The airline says there will be no impact to Qantas' operations Qantas is contacting customers after a cyber attack targeted their third-party customer service platform. On 30 June, the Australian airline detected "unusual activity" on a platform used by its contact centre to store the data of six million people, including names, email addresses, phone numbers,

Student Solves a Long-Standing Problem About the Limits of Addition

The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. The simplest ideas in mathematics can also be the most perplexing. Take addition. It’s a straightforward operation: One of the first mathematical truths we learn is that 1 plus 1 equals 2. But mathematicians still have many unanswered questions about the kinds of patterns that addition can give rise to. “This is one of the most basic things you can do,” said Benjamin Bedert, a graduate student at the University of Oxford. “Somehow

Learn you Galois fields for great good (2023)

Learn you Galois Fields for Great Good (00) Navigation | first | next Introduction This is the introduction to a series on Abstract Algebra. In particular, our focus will be on Galois Fields (also known as Finite Fields) and their applications in Computer Science. This is a project I've been excited about for many years now, but have been too busy to dedicate the adequate effort to meet my perfectionism standards (yay perfectionism!). Backstory Many moons back I was self-learning Galois Fie

Mathematicians Hunting Prime Numbers Discover Infinite New Pattern

For centuries, prime numbers have captured the imaginations of mathematicians, who continue to search for new patterns that help identify them and the way they’re distributed among other numbers. Primes are whole numbers that are greater than 1 and are divisible by only 1 and themselves. The three smallest prime numbers are 2, 3 and 5. It's easy to find out if small numbers are prime—one simply needs to check what numbers can factor them. When mathematicians consider large numbers, however, the

Learn You Galois Fields for Great Good (00)

Learn you Galois Fields for Great Good (00) Navigation | first | next Introduction This is the introduction to a series on Abstract Algebra. In particular, our focus will be on Galois Fields (also known as Finite Fields) and their applications in Computer Science. This is a project I've been excited about for many years now, but have been too busy to dedicate the adequate effort to meet my perfectionism standards (yay perfectionism!). Backstory Many moons back I was self-learning Galois Fie

Scammers hijack real support pages to show fake phone numbers

Serving tech enthusiasts for over 25 years.TechSpot means tech analysis and advice you can trust Bottom line: A recent warning from Malwarebytes explains that users searching for tech support phone numbers can encounter fake contact information, even when visiting the official websites of major brands. Users should carefully examine text appearing in support site search bars and approach sponsored Google search results with caution, if at all. Many people likely understand that they should ver

Quantum mechanics provide truly random numbers on demand

This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies . Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility: Instrumentation for the quantum random number generator in the NIST Boulder laboratories. Credit: NIST Randomness is incredibly useful. People often draw straws, throw dice or flip coins to make fair choices. Random numbers can enable auditors to make completely unbiased selections. Randomness is also key in securit