Something Crucial Didn’t Happen in the Gulf of Panama This Year
The Gulf of Panama has experienced an annual wind-driven oceanographic phenomenon called upwelling for at least as long as records of it have existed. In 2025, however, seasonal upwelling failed, and the consequences could be drastic. In a study published Tuesday in the journal PNAS, a Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute-led team suggests that weakening trade winds caused upwelling to fail in the Gulf of Panama this year for the first time in at least four decades. Consequently, the gulf’s