GoKawiilMars chaos terrain linked to ancient groundwater floods, study finds
Scientists studying Mars's chaotic terrain—regions of jumbled, collapsed mesas and deep depressions—say crater counts and geological analysis date these formations to between 2.0 and 3.8 billion years ago. The terrain is concentrated near ancient giant river valleys, and researchers have found water-related minerals such as hematite and phyllosilicates in these regions.