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Anthropic warns small AI models could enable self-replicating IoT malware

Anthropic says that by next year, compact AI models may be capable of autonomously self-replicating across smart fridges, vacuum cleaners, Android TV boxes, and other IoT devices. In experiments, the company ran small open-weight models on real and simulated low-cost IoT hardware, using quantization and workload-splitting across devices to get the models running, though it found significant challenges in actually building a working self-replicating malware prototype.

Anthropic details experiment showing small AI models could self-replicate on IoT devices

Anthropic published research finding that small, quantized open-weight AI models can run and potentially self-replicate across low-cost IoT hardware like off-brand Android TV boxes, by splitting workloads into shards across many devices. Models including Gemma4-26B-A4B and Qwen3.5-9B achieved inference using minimal memory per device, though Anthropic noted significant obstacles remain before a fully autonomous replicator is feasible.