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Cloudflare shrinks 1.1.1.1 DNS cache entries to reclaim 100TB of RAM

Cloudflare redesigned how DNS cache entries are stored in memory for its 1.1.1.1 resolver platform, Big Pineapple, cutting each entry's size from 953 bytes to 420 bytes. The changes, detailed by systems engineer Sebastiaan Neuteboom, involved five Rust-level optimizations including fixed-size data structures, merged record lists, and raw wire-format storage instead of padded fields.

Cloudflare cuts DNS cache memory use by 50%, freeing 100TB across 1.1.1.1 fleet

Cloudflare engineers made five successive changes to how DNS cache entries are stored in memory for Big Pineapple, the platform underlying 1.1.1.1 and related DNS services that hold over 250 billion cache entries at once. The changes shrank the per-entry memory footprint by more than half, freeing roughly 100 terabytes across the company's servers while also boosting insert throughput by 43% and cutting lookup latency by 19%.