GoKawiilStudy maps water's hydrogen bonding inside carbon nanotubes via vibrational spectroscopy
Researchers examined vibrational spectra from eight water-filled carbon nanotubes alongside dozens of empty ones, finding distinct spectral signatures for 'non-H-bonded' and 'bulk-water-like' states of confined water. Most empty nanotubes showed no peaks in the relevant energy range, though a few displayed faint or contamination-related signals, and cryogenic measurements confirmed the key spectra on the same sample.