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Geophysical Research

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New study says Mercury has shrunk 30% more than earlier estimates

Researchers analyzing data from NASA's Messenger spacecraft now estimate Mercury has contracted up to 14 miles in diameter as its interior cooled over billions of years, roughly 30% more shrinkage than previously calculated. The findings, published in Geophysical Research Letters, suggest the planet's cratered, debris-strewn surface had obscured the true scale of this shrinkage.

AI Analysis of 2 Million Earthquakes Reveals New Deep-Earth Structures

Researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences used a machine learning algorithm to sift through seismic data from over two million earthquakes recorded between 1990 and 2024, uncovering nearly 175,000 so-called PKP precursor signals. These faint seismic echoes, arriving before the main earthquake waves, point to small irregular structures located roughly 1,800 miles underground near the boundary between Earth's solid mantle and liquid outer core.

Solar Storm Threw GPS Signals Off by 33 Feet, Study Finds

Researchers analyzing last November's severe geomagnetic storm found it caused GPS positioning errors exceeding 33 feet across the continental US. The disturbance pushed the Aurora Oval far south of its usual position, creating dense atmospheric irregularities that disrupted the timing of satellite signals passing through the ionosphere.