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PTB team details 229.8 nm laser setup for thorium-229 nuclear clock feedback loop

Researchers describe a laser interrogation system built around a commercial frequency-quadrupled diode laser that reaches roughly 500 mW at 296.8 nm, used to probe a thorium-229-doped crystal sample. The setup combines offset-frequency phase locking and Pound-Drever-Hall stabilization to a reference cavity, with a photomultiplier tube detecting fluorescence signals inside a vacuum chamber, and the clock laser's frequency also compared against an optical frequency comb.

Two teams report first working nuclear clocks in Nature

Two research groups, led by Toscani De Col and by Huang, have published the first demonstrations of a working nuclear clock in Nature. Unlike atomic clocks, which track electron transitions, these devices measure energy transitions within atomic nuclei, offering a potentially more precise timekeeping method. The Toscani De Col team also showed their clock could be used to search for a candidate form of dark matter.

Researchers demonstrate self-aligning optical microcomb driven by two octave-spaced lasers

A research team built an integrated frequency-comb device that inverts the usual design: instead of cascading outward from a single pump laser, two lasers spaced exactly one octave apart drive a soliton inside a chip-based resonator, generating a comb that fills the gap between them. The resulting octave-spanning comb, spanning telecom to visible wavelengths, automatically aligns to both pump lasers across multiple fabricated chips and setups, giving it a well-defined zero-frequency offset that is easy to detect and stabilize. The team used this single device to perform optical frequency synthesis, low-noise millimetre-wave generation, and optical clock readout by simply changing which signals the pumps were locked to.