GoKawiilStudies find 3D printers emit particles and VOCs linked to airway cell stress
Research cited on 3D printing safety shows filament printers release ultrafine particles and volatile organic compounds, with the EPA noting these can penetrate deep into the lungs. A 2026 test of 17 commercial filaments found ABS generally emitted more particles than PLA, though emissions varied by brand, nozzle temperature and additives. Separate lab tests exposing human airway cells to PLA and ABS printer emissions found signs of inflammation and cellular stress, while NIOSH warns uncured resin used in resin printers can cause skin reactions or asthma.