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The End of Handwriting

People often credit my good handwriting to my Catholic school education—like a nun with a ruler and a taste for corporal punishment perfected my penmanship. But that’s not why. It’s because of my mom. An engineer by trade, she can execute the kind of perfect block letters that only come with years of working on a drawing board. As a kid, I worked to mimic her print as well as her incredibly ornate cursive. I don’t practice those skills nearly enough as an adult, though: As a reporter, speed trum

The lottery ticket hypothesis: why neural networks work

How AI researchers accidentally discovered that everything they thought about learning was wrong 18 Aug, 2025 The lottery ticket hypothesis explains why massive neural networks succeed despite centuries of theory predicting they should fail Five years ago, suggesting that AI researchers train neural networks with trillions of parameters would have earned you pitying looks. It violated the most fundamental rule in machine learning: make your model too large, and it becomes a glorified photocop

Who Invented Backpropagation?

Efficient backpropagation (BP) is central to the ongoing Neural Network (NN) ReNNaissance and "Deep Learning." Who invented it? BP's modern version (also called the reverse mode of automatic differentiation) was first published in 1970 by Finnish master student Seppo Linnainmaa [BP1] [R7]. In 2020, we celebrated BP's half-century anniversary! A precursor of BP was published by Henry J. Kelley in 1960 [BPA]—in 2020, we celebrated its 60-year anniversary. In the 2020s, it was still easy to find

Why we should thank pigeons for our AI breakthroughs

People looking for precursors to artificial intelligence often point to science fiction by authors like Isaac Asimov or thought experiments like the Turing test. But an equally important, if surprising and less appreciated, forerunner is Skinner’s research with pigeons in the middle of the 20th century. Skinner believed that association—learning, through trial and error, to link an action with a punishment or reward—was the building block of every behavior, not just in pigeons but in all living

The End of Handwriting

People often credit my good handwriting to my Catholic school education—like a nun with a ruler and a taste for corporal punishment perfected my penmanship. But that’s not why. It’s because of my mom. An engineer by trade, she can execute the kind of perfect block letters that only come with years of working on a drawing board. As a kid, I worked to mimic her print as well as her incredibly ornate cursive. I don’t practice those skills nearly enough as an adult, though: As a reporter, speed trum

MasterClass deal: Subscriptions are 40 percent off right now

If you want to brush up on some skills or learn new ones, MasterClass offers a good way to do just that. The streaming service has hundreds of classes taught by professionals and experts in their fields, and now you can get a subscription for 40 percent less than usual. All MasterClass membership tiers are on sale right now, so you can sign up for as low as $6 per month. With a subscription, you could watch a class on writing taught by James Patterson, or learn cooking techniques from Thomas Ke

MasterClass memberships are 40 percent off right now

MasterClass promises online learning with instructors who are the very best in their fields, and an annual subscription is currently 40 percent off across all tiers. Subscribers to MasterClass will have access to over 200 classes taught by iconic authors, chefs, athletes and leaders representing a diverse collection of skill sets and backgrounds. You could watch a class on writing taught by James Patterson, or learn cooking techniques from Thomas Keller. If you're trying to impress at your next

Anthropic takes on OpenAI and Google with new Claude AI features designed for students and developers

Want smarter insights in your inbox? Sign up for our weekly newsletters to get only what matters to enterprise AI, data, and security leaders. Subscribe Now Anthropic is launching new “learning modes” for its Claude AI assistant that transform the chatbot from an answer-dispensing tool into a teaching companion, as major technology companies race to capture the rapidly growing artificial intelligence education market while addressing mounting concerns that AI undermines genuine learning. The S

Anthropic brings Claude's learning mode to regular users and devs

This past spring, Anthropic introduced learning mode, a feature that changed Claude's interaction style. When enabled, the chatbot would, following a question, try to guide the user to their own solution, instead of providing them with an answer outright. Since its introduction in April, learning mode has only been available to Claude for Education users. Now, like OpenAI did with Study Mode, Anthropic is making the tool available to everyone. Starting today, Claude.ai users will find a new opt

What Medieval People Got Right About Learning (2019)

We tend to assume that if people today and people five hundred years ago do things differently, it’s because we’ve figured out a better way to do it. After all, we have microscopes, democracy and penicillin. People in the middle ages lit cats on fire for fun. Yet despite overwhelming progress, it’s ironically in the area of education that we may be the ones who have it backward. Apprenticeships were, for a long time, the dominant way of learning professional skills. A master agrees to show you

WHY2025: How to become your own ISP [video]

How to become your own ISP Nick Bouwhuis 34 min 34 min 1.1k 1.1k Fahrplan This talk will take you along with a deep dive on how the internet works at its core and how you can participate yourself. You'll learn all about BGP, AS- numbers, IP-prefixes and more. Ever wanted to become sovereign on the internet? Want to know what its like to run an ISP? Are you a sysadmin that wants to learn more about networking? Then you're at the right place. This talk will take you along with a deep dive o

How to become your own ISP (WHY2025) [video]

How to become your own ISP Nick Bouwhuis 34 min 34 min 231 231 Fahrplan This talk will take you along with a deep dive on how the internet works at its core and how you can participate yourself. You'll learn all about BGP, AS- numbers, IP-prefixes and more. Ever wanted to become sovereign on the internet? Want to know what its like to run an ISP? Are you a sysadmin that wants to learn more about networking? Then you're at the right place. This talk will take you along with a deep dive on

Learn, Reflect, Apply, Prepare: The Four Daily Practices That Changed How I Live

In a world obsessed with hacks, sprints, and overnight success, I’ve been drawn to something quieter, simpler, and, at least for me, more sustaining: a daily rhythm built around four verbs. No apps. No dashboards. Just a living experiment I return to every day: Learn. Reflect. Apply. Prepare. I haven’t mastered this. Far from it. But the more I practice, the more I notice how these four verbs gently shape my days, especially when things feel chaotic or uncertain. 1. Learn Something Every Day

Topics: did isn just learning ve

Computing’s Top 30: Guowen Xu

Guowen Xu’s passion for cryptography was seeded in various courses throughout his undergraduate mathematics education. It was his experience as a doctoral student, however, that was truly transformative in terms of his learning how to navigate cryptographic security’s complexities and begin shaping his research directions and career. Today, Xu is a full professor in the School of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu. Xu’s wor

10 Linux features you should be using to get the best performance and functionality

Kerry Wan/ZDNET Linux is powerful, flexible, and can do just about anything. However, to really get the most out of Linux and your computer(s), there are certain skills and habits you need to bolster; otherwise, you're not really enjoying the riches that can be mined from Linux. Also: 8 ways I quickly leveled up my Linux skills - and you can too Trust me, there are riches in that open-source operating system. So, if you want to get serious about this, read on and consider these tips as esse

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Gemini's new Guided Learning mode can quiz students and create interactive study aids

Google is updating Gemini to make it a better education tool with a new feature called Guided Learning. Like similar learning-focused updates to ChatGPT and Claude, Guided Learning tries to promote understanding by breaking down problems into step-by-step instructions, follow-up questions and interactive examples, rather than simply providing an answer. Guided Learning will be available as toggle in the prompt box of Gemini as the feature rolls out. When it's toggled on, Gemini will treat quest

Google takes on ChatGPT’s Study Mode with new ‘Guided Learning’ tool in Gemini

As the new school year approaches, Google announced on Wednesday that it’s launching a new tool called Guided Learning within Gemini. The tool sort of functions like an AI tutor, as it’s designed to help users build a deep understanding instead of just getting answers. The launch follows just over a week after OpenAI rolled out Study Mode for ChatGPT, which is also designed to go beyond simply obtaining answers to questions by actually helping users develop critical thinking skills. Both compa

ChatGPT Glossary: 55 AI Terms Everyone Should Know

AI is changing the world around us. It's eliminating jobs and flooding the internet with slop. Thanks to the massive popularity of ChatGPT to Google cramming AI summaries at the top of its search results, AI is completely taking over the internet. With AI, you can get instant answers to pretty much any question. It can feel like talking to someone who has a doctoral degree in everything. But that aspect of AI chatbots is only one part of the AI landscape. Sure, having ChatGPT help do your homew

Build Your Own Lisp

Build Your Own Lisp Learn C and build your own programming language in 1000 lines of code! If you're looking to learn C, or you've ever wondered how to build your own programming language, this is the book for you. In just a few lines of code, I'll teach you how to use C, and together, we'll start building your very own language. Along the way we'll learn about the weird and wonderful nature of Lisps, how to develop a real-world project, concisely solve problems, and write beautiful code! T

Ask HN: What trick of the trade took you too long to learn?

Every week for the last 3 months I’ve learned a new trick when it comes to getting whatever LLM I’m using at the time to produce better output. That’s my trade, but lots of HNers have more interesting trades than that. In my case, only recently I learned the value of getting an LLM to write and refine a plan.md architecture doc first, and for it to break that doc down into testable phases, and then to implement phase by phase. Seems obvious in hindsight. But it took too long to learn that that

How to make almost anything (2019)

My name is D. Sculley. I lead several teams at Google in Cambridge doing research in various aspects of machine learning. I'm involved in this course because many of our current projects involve the use of machine learning for design or fabrication problems of one form or another, including in the biology space and the chemistry space. I'm interested in learning more about other forms of fabrication and seeing if there are interesting cross-domain opportunities to think about. Here is my Google

How To Make (almost) Anything (2019)

My name is D. Sculley. I lead several teams at Google in Cambridge doing research in various aspects of machine learning. I'm involved in this course because many of our current projects involve the use of machine learning for design or fabrication problems of one form or another, including in the biology space and the chemistry space. I'm interested in learning more about other forms of fabrication and seeing if there are interesting cross-domain opportunities to think about. Here is my Google

Rao Reading Algorithm (2024)

October 2024 Who, What, Where, How, and Why Do I Read – Why Reading Matters Reading means my total consumption of ideas and media, learning via seeing or listening to symbols versus pure action. Reading involves books at the core, but also journal articles, news, blogs, music, video, maps, engineering and architectural drawings, code, patents, walking in cities, conversations with people, and viewing art. If it’s compressed info encoded into my brain and world models, I count it. The line betw

PHP-ORT: Machine learning inference for the web

The Problem The Solution Technical Details Addressing Critics The Future The Inevitable Transformation Software is changing faster than we've seen in 25 years. Machine learning isn't just becoming important, it's becoming essential. Every application, every website, every digital interaction will soon expect intelligent features as standard. For millions of PHP developers who power the web, this creates an existential challenge: stay relevant in an AI-first world or risk obsolescence. The St

PHP-ORT: Machine Learning Inference for the Web

The Problem The Solution Technical Details Addressing Critics The Future The Inevitable Transformation Software is changing faster than we've seen in 25 years. Machine learning isn't just becoming important, it's becoming essential. Every application, every website, every digital interaction will soon expect intelligent features as standard. For millions of PHP developers who power the web, this creates an existential challenge: stay relevant in an AI-first world or risk obsolescence. The St

AI is a floor raiser, not a ceiling raiser

AI is a Floor Raiser, not a Ceiling Raiser¶ A reshaped learning curve¶ Before AI, learners faced a matching problem: learning resources have to be created with a target audience in mind. This means as a consumer, learning resources were suboptimal fits for you: You're a newbie at $topic_of_interest , but have knowledge in related topic $related_topic . But finding learning resources that teach $topic_of_interest in terms of $related_topic is difficult. , but have knowledge in related topic .

AI Is a Floor Raiser, Not a Ceiling Raiser

AI is a Floor Raiser, not a Ceiling Raiser¶ A reshaped learning curve¶ Before AI, learners faced a matching problem: learning resources have to be created with a target audience in mind. This means as a consumer, learning resources were suboptimal fits for you: You're a newbie at $topic_of_interest , but have knowledge in related topic $related_topic . But finding learning resources that teach $topic_of_interest in terms of $related_topic is difficult. , but have knowledge in related topic .

GEPA: Reflective prompt evolution can outperform reinforcement learning

Authors: Lakshya A Agrawal, Shangyin Tan, Dilara Soylu, Noah Ziems, Rishi Khare, Krista Opsahl-Ong, Arnav Singhvi, Herumb Shandilya, Michael J Ryan, Meng Jiang, Christopher Potts, Koushik Sen, Alexandros G. Dimakis, Ion Stoica, Dan Klein, Matei Zaharia, Omar Khattab Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19457 TL;DR What was done? The authors introduced GEPA (Genetic-Pareto), a novel algorithm for optimizing prompts in complex, multi-module AI systems. Instead of relying on traditional reinforceme

GEPA: Reflective Prompt Evolution Can Outperform Reinforcement Learning

Authors: Lakshya A Agrawal, Shangyin Tan, Dilara Soylu, Noah Ziems, Rishi Khare, Krista Opsahl-Ong, Arnav Singhvi, Herumb Shandilya, Michael J Ryan, Meng Jiang, Christopher Potts, Koushik Sen, Alexandros G. Dimakis, Ion Stoica, Dan Klein, Matei Zaharia, Omar Khattab Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19457 TL;DR What was done? The authors introduced GEPA (Genetic-Pareto), a novel algorithm for optimizing prompts in complex, multi-module AI systems. Instead of relying on traditional reinforceme

10 ways true Linux power users get more out of the world's best OS

nadla/Getty Images Linux is powerful, flexible, and can do just about anything. However, to really get the most out of Linux and your computer(s), there are certain skills and habits you need to bolster; otherwise, you're not really enjoying the riches that can be mined from Linux. Also: 8 ways I quickly leveled up my Linux skills - and you can too Trust me, there are riches in that open-source operating system. So, if you want to get serious about this, read on and consider these tips as e

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