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Scientists uncover extreme life inside the Arctic ice

In brief Researchers studied single-celled algae, called diatoms, from the Arctic that were previously assumed to be hibernating in the ice and found they were actually quite active. This activity, which continued when temperatures dropped to -15 C, is the coldest-ever movement recorded for a eukaryotic cell. The diatoms move through a type of gliding, which is enabled by a combination of mucus and molecular motors that are similar to systems seen in human muscles. Given how abundant these di

Scientists Stunned as Tiny Algae Keep Moving Inside Arctic Ice

Scientists know that microbial life can survive under some extreme conditions—including, hopefully, harsh Martian weather. But new research suggests that one particular microbe, an algal species found in Arctic ice, isn’t as immobile as it was previously believed. They’re surprisingly active, gliding across—and even within—their frigid stomping grounds. In a Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences paper published September 9, researchers explained that ice diatoms—single-celled algae wi

This quantum radar could image buried objects

The glass cell that serves as the radar’s quantum component is full of cesium atoms kept at room temperature. The researchers use lasers to get each individual cesium atom to swell to nearly the size of a bacterium, about 10,000 times bigger than the usual size. Atoms in this bloated condition are called Rydberg atoms. When incoming radio waves hit Rydberg atoms, they disturb the distribution of electrons around their nuclei. Researchers can detect the disturbance by shining lasers on the atoms

First-Ever Look at Exploding Molecules Reveals Their Quantum Secrets

In the quantum world, molecules are always on the move. And for the first time ever, scientists have directly captured these tiny quantum dances in action—and they did so by blowing them up real good. Even at absolute zero, individual particles constantly vibrate without a fixed position, a phenomenon referred to as zero-point motion. In a paper published August 7 in Science, researchers at European XFEL harnessed this behavior for the 2-iodopyridine molecule, which consists of 11 atoms. By bla

The History and Physics of the Atomic Bomb

In 1938, Italian physicist Enrico Fermi, who had fled to New York to escape fascism, discovered a material in which a process of this type occurred: uranium. Fearing that the Nazis might also discover this element’s capability of producing a chain reaction, the Manhattan Project was born in 1940, a secret program for the development of nuclear weapons led by Arthur Compton. Compton formed a research group, which also included Fermi and Szilard, that would continue to conduct experiments on nucle

Double-slit experiment holds up when stripped to its quantum essentials

MIT physicists have performed an idealized version of one of the most famous experiments in quantum physics. Their findings demonstrate, with atomic-level precision, the dual yet evasive nature of light. They also happen to confirm that Albert Einstein was wrong about this particular quantum scenario. The experiment in question is the double-slit experiment, which was first performed in 1801 by the British scholar Thomas Young to show how light behaves as a wave. Today, with the formulation of

Twist on Famous Double-Slit Experiment Deals a Blow to Einstein’s Quantum Doubts

Albert Einstein famously disliked quantum theory’s understanding that physical objects, including light, exist as both a particle and a wave, and that this duality could not be simultaneously observed. But a new, simple iteration of a foundational quantum experiment offers the most conclusive, direct evidence yet that Einstein may have been wrong. In a recent paper for Physical Review Letters, MIT scientists successfully replicated the double-slit experiment on the atomic scale, allowing for an

Shifts in diatom and dinoflagellate biomass in the North Atlantic over 6 decades

Abstract The North Atlantic Ocean has large seasonal blooms rich in diatoms and dinoflagellates which can contribute disproportionately relative to other primary producers to export production and transfer of resources up the food web. Here we analyze data from the Continuous Plankton Recorder to reconstruct variation in the surface ocean diatom and dinoflagellate community biomass over 6 decades across the North Atlantic. We find: 1) diatom and dinoflagellate biomass has decreased up to 2% per

QuEra Quantum System Leverages Neutral Atoms to Compute

Sitting in an office at QuEra Computing’s Boston headquarters, Yuval Boger was talking about the recent advancements made in quantum computing that are driving the chorus around an accelerated the timeframe the launch of a usable and reliable system. “Sometimes it’s hard to see all the amazing progress that’s been happening,” Boger, QuEra’s chief commercial officer, told The Next Platform in a recent interview. “But if you go back a few years – five or ten years ago – the question was, ‘Could p