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5,500 Superconducting Wires Survive Intense Testing for World’s Largest Fusion Reactor

Stakeholders around the world are vying to realize nuclear fusion—a fossil fuel alternative that promises maximum energy generation with minimal environmental risk. Behind the efforts to build the world’s largest fusion reactor is an equally gigantic global collaboration: ITER, which has just announced a major advance in its quest to prove fusion’s viability. In a paper published September 11 in Superconductor Science and Technology, the ITER Collaboration reported completing a key test to vali

Nvidia Is Not Happy With the Gain AI Act, Says As Much

In a move drawing considerable attention across the tech industry, Nvidia Corporation has publicly critiqued the recently proposed Gain AI Act, emphasizing its potential to stifle competition in the rapidly evolving artificial intelligence sector. The GAIN AI Act, which stands for Guaranteeing Access and Innovation for National Artificial Intelligence Act, was introduced as part of the U.S. National Defense Authorization Act, with the goal of ensuring that the United States is the dominant mark

The Diffusion Dilemma

On the sun-baked plains of the American Midwest in 1892, a revolution was loudly sputtering to life: the tractor, an engine which signaled the end of the era of animal power and the beginning of the age of machine power. This machine was not just a piece of equipment; the tractor was a manifestation of an exponential shift in energy density, from animal metabolism to coal burning, empowered by discoveries in thermodynamics. But diffusion of the tractor, screeching across the horizon, took much l

Nvidia, Google, and Bill Gates help Commonwealth Fusion Systems raise $863M

Fusion power startup Commonwealth Fusion Systems has raised $863 million from a long list of investors that includes Nvidia, Google, Breakthrough Energy Ventures, and more. “We’re continuing our trend here of looking into the world and saying, ‘How do we advance fusion as fast as possible?’” co-founder and CEO Bob Mumgaard told reporters in a call this week. “This round of capital isn’t just about fusion just generally as a concept, but it’s about how do we go to make fusion into a commercial i

Looks like nuclear fusion is picking up steam

is a senior science reporter covering energy and the environment with more than a decade of experience. She is also the host of Hell or High Water: When Disaster Hits Home , a podcast from Vox Media and Audible Originals. Posts from this author will be added to your daily email digest and your homepage feed. Nuclear fusion is on the upswing, as more companies pile into the space to achieve what’s often described as the Holy Grail of clean energy, according to an updated map from the Clean Air

A Tiny Diamond Defect Could Be Blocking Fusion Breakthroughs

Every part of a fusion reactor is designed for maximum efficiency. Well, in theory, at least. In reality, the materials chosen to bring us closer to fusion don’t always perform as expected, leading to structural glitches that obstruct fusion reactions. Diamond capsules used to safely store hydrogen fuel are no exception, but a new study offers some guidance for researchers hoping to preemptively address these material shortcomings. In a recent Matter paper, material scientists describe how the

The Hidden Ingredients Behind AI’s Creativity

The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. We were once promised self-driving cars and robot maids. Instead, we’ve seen the rise of artificial intelligence systems that can beat us in chess, analyze huge reams of text, and compose sonnets. This has been one of the great surprises of the modern era: physical tasks that are easy for humans turn out to be very difficult for robots, while algorithms are increasingly able to mimic our intellect. Another surprise that has long p

Struggling fusion power company General Fusion gets $22M lifeline from investors

General Fusion, a Canadian nuclear fusion energy startup, announced today that it had been thrown a lifeline in the form of $22 million in fresh funding. The company had laid off at least 25% of its employees in May in a bid to shore up its stretched finances. At the same time, CEO Greg Twinney wrote an open letter pleading for funding. The additional cash will give General Fusion some breathing room, though not much. A subset of General Fusion’s existing investors ultimately ponied up for wha

The Pixel 10 Pro’s 100x zoom is Google’s most controversial use of AI yet — here’s why

Google loves AI, and it’s doubled down on the tech with every new Pixel generation. But this year’s Pixel 10 Pro and Pro XL take things to another level, introducing a diffusion model to upscale images from the phone’s conservative 5x optical zoom into telescopic-length 100x photos. Google is no stranger to computational photography or AI-assisted imaging — features like Add Me and Astrophotography mode laid the groundwork for its ongoing evolution. However, the introduction of diffusion models

Scientists Say They've Figured Out a Way to Turn Nuclear Waste Into a Powerful Fuel

Scientists say they've developed a way to salvage nuclear waste from fission reactors — and turn it into a potent fuel for fusion reactors instead. As Gizmodo reports, it's an exciting prospect that could give fusion — which has remained elusive despite decades of research, though many scientists believe it could mature into a viable grid-scale power source — a chance of one day becoming a viable source of clean and safe energy. Researchers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have been scour

Scientists Built a Beer-Fridge-Sized Reactor That Brings Fusion Closer

Fusion is always 10 years away, it seems. To expedite development, some scientists have turned to the prospect of cold fusion—a hypothetical technology that seeks to achieve fusion at room temperature with simpler machines. Needless to say, no one has achieved this vaunted goal, but a team of chemists believes they’re getting closer. A paper published today in Nature introduces Thunderbird: a particle accelerator roughly the size of a beer fridge. The bench-top reactor operates on plasma scienc

Researchers Solve 35-Year-Old Fusion Mystery With Bench-Top Reactor

Fusion is always 10 years away, it seems. To expedite development, some scientists have turned to the prospect of cold fusion—a hypothetical technology that seeks to achieve fusion at room temperature with simpler machines. Needless to say, no one has achieved this vaunted goal, but a team of chemists believes they’re getting closer. A paper published today in Nature introduces Thunderbird: a particle accelerator roughly the size of a beer fridge. The bench-top reactor operates on plasma scienc

Scientists Pitch Bold Plan to Turn Nuclear Waste Into Nuclear Fuel

Nuclear fusion has seen some exciting advances, and the promise of clean, efficient energy does seem to be creeping closer to reality. But skeptics point to practical issues we may not be trying hard enough to solve—issues that will inevitably weigh down our reactors when they finally arrive. A new proposal by Terence Tarnowsky, a nuclear physicist at Los Alamos National Laboratory, focuses on one key part of the problem: finding a supply of tritium, a fundamental ingredient for fusion. Tarnows

Scientists Taught AI to Predict Nuclear Fusion Success—and It’s Actually Working

AI is giving a huge efficiency boost to one of the biggest nuclear fusion facilities in the world—but perhaps not in the way you think. In research published today in Science, scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory report how its newly developed deep learning model accurately predicted the results of a 2022 fusion experiment at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The model, which assigned 74% probability for ignition in that experiment, outperforms traditional supercomputing met

SOSV bets plasma will change everything from semiconductors to spacecraft

Sometimes a tool — like a hammer — comes along and everything starts looking like a nail. But other times, new tools end up being more than a simple blunt-force object. The investors at SOSV are betting that plasma will become a nuanced implement capable of everything from enabling fusion power to changing the way semiconductors are made. It sees so much potential that it plans on investing in more than 25 plasma-related startups over the next five years. It is also opening a new Hax lab space

Startup Claims Its Fusion Reactor Concept Can Turn Cheap Mercury Into Gold

Keep checking those gold prices—scientists have more news about the coveted metal. An energy startup claims it has the recipe for modern-day alchemy: turning mercury into gold inside a nuclear fusion reactor. Last week, Marathon Fusion, a San Francisco-based energy startup, submitted a preprint detailing an action plan for synthesizing gold particles via nuclear transmutation—essentially the process of turning one element into another by tweaking its nucleus. The paper, which has yet to undergo

Fusion Startup Says It's Figured Out How to Turn Mercury Into Gold

A fusion energy startup claims to have found a way to turn mercury into gold. As the Financial Times reports, San Francisco-based Marathon Fusion says that the same process that could one day represent a limitless source of clean energy could also be used for literal alchemy. As detailed in a yet-to-be-peer-reviewed paper, nuclear transmutation — effectively changing an element or isotope into a different one by ripping out protons from its nucleus — could be used to synthesize gold particles.

Physicists Blow Up Gold With Giant Lasers, Accidentally Disprove Renowned Physics Model

Scientists equipped with giant lasers have blown up gold at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, heating it to 14 times its boiling point. For a chilling second, they thought they broke physics, but they fortunately did no such thing. That said, they broke something else: a decades-long model in physical chemistry having to do with the fundamental properties of matter. In an experiment presented today in Nature, researchers, for the first time ever, demonstrated a way to directly measure the t

Avalanche Energy hits key milestone on the road to a desktop fusion reactor

For every technology, there comes a tipping point where it switches from theory to possibility. Robin Langtry believes that Avalanche Energy has reached that point. Avalanche recently operated its desktop fusion machine for hours on end while maintaining 300,000 volts, a figure the startup predicts will allow it to build a reactor capable of generating more energy than it consumes, the holy grail for any fusion company. Where other fusion companies need powerful magnets to generate energy, Ava

New records on Wendelstein 7-X

Also called the Lawson Criteria, fusion triple product defines the threshold that must be exceeded for a plasma to produce more fusion power than the heating power injected. It marks the point where the energy balance across the plasma becomes positive, and the fusion reaction can sustain itself without (or with greatly reduced) external heating. The triple product is derived from three factors—ion temperature (T), density (n) and energy confinement time (τ). In any future fusion power plant, a

The (Unfinished) PDE Coffee Table Book

THE (UNFINISHED) PDE COFFEE TABLE BOOK Lloyd N. Trefethen and Kristine Embree, editors Unpublished, 2001 During 2000-2001 a group project based in the Oxford University was begun to write this book. The vision was 100 2-page spreads, each one giving exactly the most useful possible starting information about a different partial differential equation, with beautiful color illustrations. Many people at Oxford and around the world contributed drafts, which were then extensively rewritten and e

Why the US and Europe could lose the race for fusion energy

The US and Europe were the dominant public funders of fusion energy research and are home to many of the world’s pioneering private fusion efforts. The West has consequently developed many of the basic technologies that will make fusion power work. But in the past five years China’s support of fusion energy has surged, threatening to allow the country to dominate the industry. The industrial base available to support China’s nascent fusion energy industry could enable it to climb the learning c

Apple just released a weirdly interesting coding language model

Apple quietly dropped a new AI model on Hugging Face with an interesting twist. Instead of writing code like traditional LLMs generate text (left to right, top to bottom), it can also write out of order, and improve multiple chunks at once. The result is faster code generation, at a performance that rivals top open-source coding models. Here’s how it works. The nerdy bits Here are some (overly simplified, in the name of efficiency) concepts that are important to understand before we can move

Apple just released a weirdly interesting coding language model

Apple quietly dropped a new AI model on Hugging Face with an interesting twist. Instead of writing code like traditional LLMs generate text (left to right, top to bottom), it can also write out of order, and improve multiple chunks at once. The result is faster code generation, at a performance that rivals top open-source coding models. Here’s how it works. The nerdy bits Here are some (overly simplified, in the name of efficiency) concepts that are important to understand before we can move

Google’s electricity demand is skyrocketing

Let’s start with fusion: Google’s deal with Commonwealth Fusion Systems is intended to provide the tech giant with 200 megawatts of power. This will come from Commonwealth’s first commercial plant, a facility planned for Virginia that the company refers to as the Arc power plant. The agreement represents half its capacity. What’s important to note here is that this power plant doesn’t exist yet. In fact, Commonwealth still needs to get its Sparc demonstration reactor, located outside Boston, up

New evidence that some supernovae may be a “double detonation”

Type Ia supernovae are critical tools in astronomy, since they all appear to explode with the same intensity, allowing us to use their brightness as a measure of distance. The distance measures they've given us have been critical to tracking the expansion of the Universe, which led to the recognition that there's some sort of dark energy hastening the Universe's expansion. Yet there are ongoing arguments over exactly how these events are triggered. There's widespread agreement that type Ia supe

Researchers Uncover Hidden Ingredients Behind AI Creativity

We were once promised self-driving cars and robot maids. Instead, we’ve seen the rise of artificial intelligence systems that can beat us in chess, analyze huge reams of text and compose sonnets. This has been one of the great surprises of the modern era: physical tasks that are easy for humans turn out to be very difficult for robots, while algorithms are increasingly able to mimic our intellect. Another surprise that has long perplexed researchers is those algorithms’ knack for their own, str

Google makes first foray into fusion in venture with MIT spinoff Commonwealth Fusion Systems

Google on Monday announced a partnership with Commonwealth Fusion Systems, or CFS, a private company spun off from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which marks the tech giant's first commercial commitment to fusion. The company unveiled plans to buy 200 megawatts of clean fusion power from what CFS describes as the world's first grid-scale fusion power plant, known as ARC, based in Chesterfield County, Virginia. ARC is expected to come online and generate 400 megawatts of clean, zero

Google bets on fusion power as its greenhouse gas emissions grow

is a senior science reporter covering energy and the environment with more than a decade of experience. She is also the host of Hell or High Water: When Disaster Hits Home , a podcast from Vox Media and Audible Originals. Google has agreed to purchase electricity from a forthcoming nuclear fusion power plant, the so-called holy grail of clean energy that scientists have been chasing for more than half a century. While the fusion industry reached a significant milestone a few years ago, the tec

Google inks its first fusion power deal with Commonwealth Fusion Systems

Fusion power got another boost on Monday as Google announced it will buy half the output of Commonwealth Fusion System’s first commercial power plant. Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS) will send Google 200 megawatts of electricity from its Arc power plant, which is expected to come online in the early 2030s. Meanwhile, Google is sending CFS a check as part of a new, unannounced funding round. The new round will be “comparable” to the previous one, CFS co-founder and CEO Bob Mumgaard said. CFS’