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Scientists Pinpoint Cause of Mysterious Electrical Surges on Satellites

In 1994, two Canadian TV satellites failed within mere hours of each other. The pair was in a geostationary orbit when a major solar storm hit, resulting in electrostatic discharges that disabled their control electronics. Anik E1 and E2 are just one example of the effects of electric charge buildup on satellites, known as spacecraft environment discharge. New findings show a direct correlation between a spacecraft’s electric discharge and peaks in the flux of electrons in space, identifying hu

What Is the Electric Constant and Why Should You Care?

It's fun to think about the fundamental physical constants. These are special values used in our models of the physical universe. They include things like the speed of light, the gravitational constant, and Planck’s constant, and they’re “fundamental” in the sense that we can't derive them theoretically, we can only measure them. We use these in solving physics problems all the time, so it’s easy to take them for granted. But why are there such numbers in nature, and why do they just happen to

Lightning on Earth is sparked by a powerful chain reaction from outer space

The energy needed for thunderstorms could come from an avalanche of electrons seeded by extraterrestrial cosmic rays , a new study claims. Scientists already knew that lightning is an electrical discharge between thunderclouds and Earth's surface, but exactly how storm clouds obtain an electric field powerful enough to hurl a bolt has remained a mystery for centuries. Now, a new study has used computer models to reveal that lightning strikes as the result of a powerful chain reaction that begi

How Does Lightning Start? New Research Provides a Groundbreaking Theory

Lightning has long terrified and fascinated scientists and non-scientists alike. For something so relatively common, the precise atmospheric events that give rise to a lightning strike have been shrouded in mystery, but new research is offering some tantalizing clues. A team of engineers and meteorologists believe they’ve cracked the curious case of how lightning forms in the cloudtops, and their solution comes from an increasingly influential contender for cracking climate mysteries: mathemati

Scientists Unveil the Shocking Truth Behind Lightning’s Mysterious Birth

Lightning has long terrified and fascinated scientists and non-scientists alike. For something so relatively common, the precise atmospheric events that give rise to a lightning strike have been shrouded in mystery, but new research is offering some tantalizing clues. A team of engineers and meteorologists believe they’ve cracked the curious case of how lightning forms in the cloudtops, and their solution comes from an increasingly influential contender for cracking climate mysteries: mathemati

Cable Bacteria Are Living Batteries

Under a cloudless August sky, I sailed upon an InterCity train from København station to Aarhus, an 8th-century Viking settlement that is now the second largest city in Denmark. After disembarking, I trekked toward the local university to a door marked INSTITUT FOR BIOLOGI. Upon entering, I was greeted by Ian Marshall, a lanky Australian professor with graying hair, who ushered me into his first floor laboratory. Dimly lit, the room was thick with the scent of wet earth. Large plastic buckets l