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Fast Fourier Transforms Part 1: Cooley-Tukey

11 September 2025 Fast Fourier Transforms Part 1: Cooley-Tukey by Connor Boyle tags: mathematicssoftware I’m planning to write a series of posts about fast Fourier transform algorithms. This first post covers the Cooley-Tukey algorithm, which is the original and most well-known FFT algorithm. The Discrete Fourier Transform If \(x\) is a sequence of complex numbers with a length \(\lvert x \rvert\) and a starting index of 0, then the discrete Fourier transform of \(x\), \(\mathcal{F} \{ x \

What Is the Fourier Transform?

As we listen to a piece of music, our ears perform a calculation. The high-pitched flutter of the flute, the middle tones of the violin, and the low hum of the double bass fill the air with pressure waves of many different frequencies. When the combined sound wave descends through the ear canal and into the spiral-shaped cochlea, hairs of different lengths resonate to the different pitches, separating the messy signal into buckets of elemental sounds. It took mathematicians until the 19th centu