As the debate surrounding fluoride, especially in our drinking water, continues, people are considering fluoride-free alternatives. When it comes to toothpaste, one such substitute is nano-hydroxyapatite. "As ingredient labels shift toward cleaner, fluoride-free formulas, one compound is taking center stage in modern oral care: nano-hydroxyapatite," explains Dr. Pia Lieb, a cosmetic dentist and clinical assistant professor emerita at NYU College of Dentistry.
To find out the benefits and risks of nano-hydroxyapatite toothpaste, along with who it's best for, we spoke with several dentists.
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What is nano-hydroxyapatite?
"Nano-hydroxyapatite is a synthetic calcium phosphate compound that's used in some oral care products, including toothpastes," explains Dr. Ada Cooper, consumer advisor and spokesperson for the American Dental Association, says. "[It] has a structure that is similar to hydroxyapatite found in enamel, and nHAP gets incorporated into the tooth structure preferentially in demineralized areas."
Nano-hydroxyapatite is also abbreviated as n-HA and n-HAp.
Dr. Royce Lai of King Village Dental adds that this is technically a two-part question, since "hydroxyapatite has been around for decades and has been studied for at least 20 years." Newer and less studied, nano-hydroxyapatite is a version of hydroxyapatite with small, rod-shaped particles.
"Hydroxyapatite is natural. It is a type of calcium that makes up bones and teeth," says Lai. "Nano-hydroxyapatite relates to the particle size. These are between 20 and 80 nanometers and are much smaller than the hydroxyapatite tubules that are a part of your teeth."
According to Dr. Daniela Eversgerd, a cosmetic dentist and the founder of Allure Dental, nano-hydroxyapatite was developed by NASA in the 1970s for astronauts dealing with bone and enamel loss during long periods of space travel. Since the early 1990s, it has been approved for oral care products in Japan.
Nano-hydroxyapatite toothpaste benefits
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