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Emulating aarch64 in software using JIT compilation and Rust

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-10-19 11:58:02

Emulating aarch64 in software using JIT compilation and Rust by Manos Pitsidianakis on 2025-08-25 I was able to write a simple just-in-time compiled emulator for the aarch64 ISA (Arm A-profile A64 Instruction Set Architecture). The Armv8-A/Armv9-A specs are massive in size, so the initial scope is for basic functionality and almost no optional architectural features such as SIMD. I wrote the emulator as an exercise in understanding how QEMU’s TCG (Tiny Code Generator) software emulation works

Topics: entry gdb instruction let memory

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Electricity Is Becoming Unbelievably Expensive as the US Power Grid Decays Into Ruin

futurism.com Unknown 2025-10-24 05:19:56

The US electrical grid is facing a stress test like never before. Thanks to a perfect storm of AI power consumption, climate crisis, crony capitalism, and a president bent on uprooting perfectly good energy infrastructure, the country's already-struggling power system is rapidly crumbling as costs balloon into the stratosphere. A recent analysis by Bloomberg underscores just how dire it's getting. In the country's largest continuous grid — a 13-state monstrosity managed by PJM Interconnection L

Topics: energy grid infrastructure pjm power

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Contrastive Representations for Temporal Reasoning

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-10-25 05:42:40

In classical AI, perception relies on learning spatial representations, while planning—temporal reasoning over action sequences—is typically achieved through search. We study whether such reasoning can instead emerge from representations that capture both spatial and temporal structure. We show that standard temporal contrastive learning, despite its popularity, often fails to capture temporal structure, due to reliance on spurious features. To address this, we introduce Contrastive Representati

Topics: crtr reasoning representations structure temporal

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Simple prompt or agent workflow? How not to overthink AI

zdnet.com Joe Mckendrick 2025-10-25 21:34:00

Photobank2/iStock/Getty Images Plus Follow ZDNET: Add us as a preferred source on Google. ZDNET's key takeaways Gen AI success is about knowing which approach to use. Start with the simplest tool that solves your problem. Sometimes you'll need a prompt, and other times an agent workflow. "You're probably making AI harder than it needs to be." This advice from Corey Noles and Grant Harvey's latest episode of The Neuron podcast urges greater simplicity in what has become a complicated and c

Topics: ai need noles prompt structured

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Expert: LSP for Elixir

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-10-25 14:36:36

Expert Expert is the official language server implementation for the Elixir programming language. Installation You can download Expert from the releases page for your operating system and architecture. Put the executable somewhere on your $PATH , like ~/.local/bin/expert For editor specific installation instructions, please refer to the Installation Instructions Nightly Builds If you want to try out the latest features, you can download a nightly build. Using the GH CLI, you can run the f

Topics: build download expert installation instructions

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Performance Speed Limits (2019)

news.ycombinator.com Travis Downs 2025-10-22 15:06:10

How fast can it go? Sometimes you just want to know how fast your code can go, without benchmarking it. Sometimes you have benchmarked it and want to know how close you are to the maximum speed. Often you just need to know what the current limiting factor is, to guide your optimization decisions. Well this post is about that determining that speed limit. It’s not a comprehensive performance evaluation methodology, but for many small pieces of code it will work very well. Table of Contents Th

Topics: cycle instructions limit load loads

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We rebuilt Cloud Life's infrastructure delivery with System Initiative

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-10-29 03:18:29

By Ryan Ryke, CEO, Cloud Life ‍ This is the story of how we eliminated static configuration files from our infrastructure workflows at Cloud Life, and, in the process, cut delivery times by more than half, improved reliability, and made our engineers’ work feel much smoother and more manageable. Before this project, we’d been working with the same model that most modern infrastructure teams use: Terraform scripts, config repos, PR reviews, CI pipelines. We’d optimized what we could, but the w

Topics: change infrastructure just si time

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How to slow down a program and why it can be useful

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-10-28 23:38:35

Most research on programming language performance asks a variation of a single question: how can we make some specific program faster? Sometimes we may even investigate how we can use less memory. This means a lot of research focuses solely on reducing the amount of resources needed to achieve some computational goal. So, why on earth might we be interested in slowing down programs then? Slowing Down Programs is Surprisingly Useful! Making programs slower can be useful to find race conditions

Topics: basic instructions mov nop slowdown

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We Rebuilt Cloud Life's Infrastructure Delivery with System Initiative

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-10-29 13:18:29

By Ryan Ryke, CEO, Cloud Life ‍ This is the story of how we eliminated static configuration files from our infrastructure workflows at Cloud Life, and, in the process, cut delivery times by more than half, improved reliability, and made our engineers’ work feel much smoother and more manageable. Before this project, we’d been working with the same model that most modern infrastructure teams use: Terraform scripts, config repos, PR reviews, CI pipelines. We’d optimized what we could, but the w

Topics: change infrastructure just si time

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Slowing down programs is surprisingly useful

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-10-30 00:38:35

Most research on programming language performance asks a variation of a single question: how can we make some specific program faster? Sometimes we may even investigate how we can use less memory. This means a lot of research focuses solely on reducing the amount of resources needed to achieve some computational goal. So, why on earth might we be interested in slowing down programs then? Slowing Down Programs is Surprisingly Useful! Making programs slower can be useful to find race conditions

Topics: basic instructions mov nop slowdown

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Object-oriented design patterns in C and kernel development

news.ycombinator.com Oshub Team 2025-10-28 21:34:15

My scheduler operations implementation A benefit of working on your own operating system is that you’re free from the usual "restraints" of collaboration and real applications. That has always been a major factor in my interest in osdev. You don’t have to worry about releasing your program, or about critical security vulnerabilities, or about hundreds of people having to maintain your code. A benefit of working on your own operating system is that you’re free from the usual "restraints" of co

Topics: interface kernel object struct void

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How to Slow Down a Program? and Why It Can Be Useful

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-10-30 05:38:35

Most research on programming language performance asks a variation of a single question: how can we make some specific program faster? Sometimes we may even investigate how we can use less memory. This means a lot of research focuses solely on reducing the amount of resources needed to achieve some computational goal. So, why on earth might we be interested in slowing down programs then? Slowing Down Programs is Surprisingly Useful! Making programs slower can be useful to find race conditions

Topics: basic instructions mov nop slowdown

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Anonymous structavaganza in Zig

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-10-30 15:35:35

Mon Aug 25 2025 When statements disappear, what remains of good semantics? Let’s see what side effects have been introduced! To start, observe this truly primordial ‘C code; struct A {}; struct B {}; void example ( struct A e ); int main (){ example (( struct B){}); } clang output: error: passing 'struct B' to parameter of incompatible type 'struct A' example((struct B ){}); ^~~~~~~~~~~~ THE TYPES ARE UNIQUE. THEY HAVE DIFFERENT NAMES! THE ARE NOMINALLY DIFFERENT. And such it is for all

Topics: const std struct type type_constructor

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Prediction-Encoded Pixels image format

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-11-03 11:05:38

Prediction-Encoded Pixels This format is specifically designed to be for low-color pixel art (<=16 colors works best, up to 256 colors is supported). It uses "Prediction by Partial Matching, Order-2" compression, which is able to compress packed-palette-indices smaller than GIF, PNG, and QOI, while sacrificing a bit of time. It's 2-10x slower than GIF/PNG/QOI (depending on the image), but often compresses the image 20-50% smaller than GIF/PNG (and multiple-times smaller than QOI). If you care

Topics: compression image in_pep pep struct

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Agentic Browser Security: Indirect Prompt Injection in Perplexity Comet

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-11-04 02:52:08

This is the first post in a series about security and privacy challenges in agentic browsers. This vulnerability research was conducted by Artem Chaikin (Senior Mobile Security Engineer), and was written by Artem and Shivan Kaul Sahib (VP, Privacy and Security). The threat of instruction injection At Brave, we’re developing the ability for our in-browser AI assistant Leo to browse the Web on your behalf, acting as your agent. Instead of just asking “Summarize what this page says about London f

Topics: ai instructions perplexity security user

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Google scores six-year Meta cloud deal worth over $10 billion

cnbc.com Jordan Novet Jonathan Vanian 2025-11-06 20:39:50

Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg makes a keynote speech at the Meta Connect annual event at the company's headquarters in Menlo Park, Calif., on Sept. 25, 2024. Meta has agreed to spend more than $10 billion on Google cloud services, according to two people familiar with the matter. The agreement spans six years, said the people, who asked not to be named because the terms are confidential. The deal was reported earlier by The Information. Google is aiming to land big cloud contracts as it chases lar

Topics: billion cloud google infrastructure meta

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Google scores six-year Meta cloud deal worth over $10B

news.ycombinator.com Jordan Novet Jonathan Vanian 2025-11-06 20:34:33

Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg makes a keynote speech at the Meta Connect annual event at the company's headquarters in Menlo Park, Calif., on Sept. 25, 2024. Meta has agreed to spend more than $10 billion on Google cloud services, according to two people familiar with the matter. The agreement spans six years, said the people, who asked not to be named because the terms are confidential. The deal was reported earlier by The Information. Google is aiming to land big cloud contracts as it chases lar

Topics: billion cloud google infrastructure meta

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D4d4

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-11-05 02:42:32

A co-worker of mine was looking at some disassembled ARM code the other day, and discovered something weird. Lots of d4d4 instructions, scattered about. LLVM’s objdump says this is a relative branch to -0x58 . The weird part is that they were always unreachable. Experiments¶ Here’s an example in a minimal reproducer I wrote: 00020100 < one >: 20100: 4770 bx lr 20102: d4d4 bmi 0x200ae <__dso_handle+0x100ae> @ imm = #-0x58 That bx lr right before the d4d4 branches to the link register. In other w

Topics: 4770 bx instruction lr main

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Branch prediction: Why CPUs can't wait?

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-11-08 21:45:25

Recently, I have had some free time and started learning some low-level computer fundamentals, trying to practice and better understand the concepts in greater detail. Along the way, I learned about a modern compiler infrastructure named LLVM, which is a target-independent optimizer and code generator that has been used as a part of many compilers for different programming languages like Rust, Zig, or Haskell. While diving into LLVM’s aggressive optimization features, I have a humbling realizati

Topics: branch instruction price product total_revenue

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Attention Is the New Big-O: A Systems Design Approach to Prompt Engineering

news.ycombinator.com Alex Chesser 2025-11-14 03:29:58

1. Understanding Attention: Your First Step to Better Prompts If you’re human, you’re probably reading this from left to right. You might not have stopped for a moment to consider the fact that your LLM doesn’t read in the same order as you or I. Instead, it weights relationships between all tokens at once, with position and clustering dramatically changing what gets noticed. In working with an LLM the structure you choose can have a greater impact on your results than the precise words you ch

Topics: attention model prompt prompts structure

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Launch HN: Reality Defender (YC W22) – API for Deepfake and GenAI Detection

news.ycombinator.com Unknown 2025-11-17 00:16:34

All in one package, and two main instructions: just upload the media you want to analyze, and check the results.

Topics: analyze check instructions just main

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The circular economy could make demolition a thing of the past

news.ycombinator.com José Manuel Cabrero 2025-11-17 14:42:31

Most of us are already quite comfortable recycling our household waste. In Spain, for instance, millions of tonnes of packaging are processed every year, but did you know that buildings and their materials can also be recycled, or that an entire building could be completely dismantled and reassembled? Formula 1, often a laboratory for innovation, offers us a real-world example of this in the form of the Red Bull team’s “pit box”, known as the F1Holzhaus – literally, “the wooden house”. It made

Topics: building construction materials waste year

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OpenAI is improving ChatGPT voice mode

bleepingcomputer.com Unknown 2025-11-17 09:15:42

ChatGPT's Voice mode is already pretty good, but OpenAI is working on a new feature that will allow you to control how Voice mode actually works. As you can see in the screenshot below, OpenAI has added "Voice speed" to the ChatGPT web app settings for voice mode. This means you can control how fast ChatGPT can speak. You can lower it to 0.5x or make it as far as 2.0x. There is a slider that allows you to specify the ChatGPT pace. These options are currently hidden. Also, OpenAI has added "c

Topics: chatgpt instructions mode openai voice

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Recto – A Truly 2D Language

news.ycombinator.com Masato Hagiwara 2025-11-16 08:06:08

Recto — a truly 2D language Masato Hagiwara Open in Recto Pad Google Colab Github Recto Pad TL;DR Recto is a 2D programming language that uses nested rectangles as its core syntax, encoding structure and recursion directly in space instead of a linear stream of text. Recto explores new ways to write, parse, and reason about code—and even natural language—spatially. Introduction Open in Recto Pad Virtually all the languages we humans use—spoken, written, or artificial (such as programmi

Topics: 2d languages like recto structure

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Funding Open Source like public infrastructure

news.ycombinator.com Dries Buytaert 2025-11-22 21:24:17

To protect the digital foundation of essential government services, governments should invest in Open Source as public infrastructure and shift from consumption to contribution. Fifteen years ago, I laid out a theory about the future of Open Source. In The Commercialization of a Volunteer-Driven Open Source Project, I argued that if Open Source was going to thrive, people had to get paid to work on it. At the time, the idea was controversial. Many feared money would corrupt the spirit of volunt

Topics: governments infrastructure open public source

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Why top and free in containers don't show the correct container memory (2018)

news.ycombinator.com Ciro S. Costa 2025-11-20 14:42:04

Hey, Something that is very common to get wrong when starting with Linux containers is to think that free and other tools like top should report the memory limits. Here you’ll not only go through why that happens and how to get it right, but also take a look at where is the Kernel looking for information when you ask it for memory statistics. Also, if you’re curious about how the code for keeping track of per-cgroup page counter looks, stick to the end! This is the third article in a series

Topics: 181346 2560 limit memory struct

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Rerank-2.5 and rerank-2.5-lite: instruction-following rerankers

news.ycombinator.com Voyage Ai 2025-11-21 15:12:32

TL;DR – We are excited to introduce the rerank-2.5 series, which significantly improves upon rerank-2 ’s performance while also introducing instruction-following capabilities for the first time. On our standard suite of 93 retrieval datasets spanning multiple domains, rerank-2.5 and rerank-2.5-lite improve retrieval accuracy by 7.94% and 7.16% over Cohere Rerank v3.5. Furthermore, the new instruction-following feature allows users to steer the model’s output relevance scores using natural langua

Topics: following instruction lite rerank retrieval

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rerank-2.5 and rerank-2.5-lite: instruction-following rerankers

news.ycombinator.com Voyage Ai 2025-11-22 03:12:32

TL;DR – We are excited to introduce the rerank-2.5 series, which significantly improves upon rerank-2 ’s performance while also introducing instruction-following capabilities for the first time. On our standard suite of 93 retrieval datasets spanning multiple domains, rerank-2.5 and rerank-2.5-lite improve retrieval accuracy by 7.94% and 7.16% over Cohere Rerank v3.5. Furthermore, the new instruction-following feature allows users to steer the model’s output relevance scores using natural langua

Topics: following instruction lite rerank retrieval

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How to Wash a Heated Blanket Safely

cnet.com See Full Bio 2025-11-24 14:08:00

Crawling into a warm bed after a long, hard day is hard to beat, but it isn't always a given. As we work our way towards the fall, you're probably already looking forward to getting your electric heated blanket out of the closet. And if you don't already own one, now is the time to start shopping for one. But like other blankets, they do need some upkeep -- and things get more complicated when there is electricity involved. One obvious question has probably already sprung to mind. Whether you'r

Topics: blanket heated instructions wash washing

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Trump administration stops illegal freeze of $5B EV charger funds after losing in court

techcrunch.com Sean O'Kane 2025-11-29 17:12:08

The Trump administration has finally issued new guidance that states can use to dole out $5 billion in funding for electric vehicle charging infrastructure, after spending months withholding the money. A coalition of states sued over the funding freeze in the National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) program, which was one of the administration’s many attempts to stop funding appropriated by Congress at the start of Donald Trump’s second term. A judge ruled in June that those states were

Topics: administration dot funding infrastructure states

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Latest Tech News

Emulating aarch64 in software using JIT compilation and Rust

Electricity Is Becoming Unbelievably Expensive as the US Power Grid Decays Into Ruin

Contrastive Representations for Temporal Reasoning

Simple prompt or agent workflow? How not to overthink AI

Expert: LSP for Elixir

Performance Speed Limits (2019)

We rebuilt Cloud Life's infrastructure delivery with System Initiative

How to slow down a program and why it can be useful

We Rebuilt Cloud Life's Infrastructure Delivery with System Initiative

Slowing down programs is surprisingly useful

Object-oriented design patterns in C and kernel development

How to Slow Down a Program? and Why It Can Be Useful

Anonymous structavaganza in Zig

Prediction-Encoded Pixels image format

Agentic Browser Security: Indirect Prompt Injection in Perplexity Comet

Google scores six-year Meta cloud deal worth over $10 billion

Google scores six-year Meta cloud deal worth over $10B

D4d4

Branch prediction: Why CPUs can't wait?

Attention Is the New Big-O: A Systems Design Approach to Prompt Engineering

Launch HN: Reality Defender (YC W22) – API for Deepfake and GenAI Detection

The circular economy could make demolition a thing of the past

OpenAI is improving ChatGPT voice mode

Recto – A Truly 2D Language

Funding Open Source like public infrastructure

Why top and free in containers don't show the correct container memory (2018)

Rerank-2.5 and rerank-2.5-lite: instruction-following rerankers

rerank-2.5 and rerank-2.5-lite: instruction-following rerankers

How to Wash a Heated Blanket Safely

Trump administration stops illegal freeze of $5B EV charger funds after losing in court

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