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Lightning on Earth is sparked by a powerful chain reaction from outer space

The energy needed for thunderstorms could come from an avalanche of electrons seeded by extraterrestrial cosmic rays , a new study claims. Scientists already knew that lightning is an electrical discharge between thunderclouds and Earth's surface, but exactly how storm clouds obtain an electric field powerful enough to hurl a bolt has remained a mystery for centuries. Now, a new study has used computer models to reveal that lightning strikes as the result of a powerful chain reaction that begi

Introduction to Computer Music

About This Textbook The Introduction to Computer Music was initially designed as an online text for first-year study of computer music. This e-book aspires to present information in sufficient depth to be useful to composers, beginning audio engineers and other musicians, professional or otherwise, interested in making music with technology. The first edition of this text was begun in 2004 with an Indiana University Instructional Development Grant and has served our electronic studio resources

Introduction to Computer Music an Electronic Textbook

About This Textbook The Introduction to Computer Music was initially designed as an online text for first-year study of computer music. This e-book aspires to present information in sufficient depth to be useful to composers, beginning audio engineers and other musicians, professional or otherwise, interested in making music with technology. The first edition of this text was begun in 2004 with an Indiana University Instructional Development Grant and has served our electronic studio resources

YouTube will no longer limit ads on videos that drop the f-bomb early

YouTube has changed its ad guideline policy surrounding swear words, allowing creators a bit more freedom than before. In a video announcement, YouTube's head of monetization, Conor Kavanagh, said that videos containing stronger profanity such as f-bombs in the first seven seconds are now eligible for full monetization. In 2022, YouTube introduced a policy that would flag videos using profane language in the first several seconds as ineligible for advertising. It relaxed that rule a bit in 2023.

Positron believes it has found the secret to take on Nvidia in AI inference chips — here’s how it could benefit enterprises

Want smarter insights in your inbox? Sign up for our weekly newsletters to get only what matters to enterprise AI, data, and security leaders. Subscribe Now As demand for large-scale AI deployment skyrockets, the lesser-known, private chip startup Positron is positioning itself as a direct challenger to market leader Nvidia by offering dedicated, energy-efficient, memory-optimized inference chips aimed at relieving the industry’s mounting cost, power, and availability bottlenecks. “A key diffe

How Does Lightning Start? New Research Provides a Groundbreaking Theory

Lightning has long terrified and fascinated scientists and non-scientists alike. For something so relatively common, the precise atmospheric events that give rise to a lightning strike have been shrouded in mystery, but new research is offering some tantalizing clues. A team of engineers and meteorologists believe they’ve cracked the curious case of how lightning forms in the cloudtops, and their solution comes from an increasingly influential contender for cracking climate mysteries: mathemati

Scientists Unveil the Shocking Truth Behind Lightning’s Mysterious Birth

Lightning has long terrified and fascinated scientists and non-scientists alike. For something so relatively common, the precise atmospheric events that give rise to a lightning strike have been shrouded in mystery, but new research is offering some tantalizing clues. A team of engineers and meteorologists believe they’ve cracked the curious case of how lightning forms in the cloudtops, and their solution comes from an increasingly influential contender for cracking climate mysteries: mathemati

Wish you could escape the planet? Too bad life in space would suck

Climate change, war and fascism got you down? Wish you could buy a ticket on the Europa Clipper spacecraft that’s on its way to check if there’s living slime on a Jupiterian moon? Before you decide to leave Earth behind and move to outer space, consider the life of an astronaut on the International Space Station. Imagine cohabitating with eight other people in an enclosed area the size of a large airplane. You live on a strict schedule broken into 15 minute increments, using a red marker on a c

Positron bets on energy-efficient AI chips to challenge Nvidia's dominance

Highly anticipated: A new front is emerging in the race to power the next generation of artificial intelligence, and at the center of it is a startup called Positron whose bold ambitions are gaining traction in the semiconductor industry. As companies scramble to rein in the soaring energy demands of AI systems, Positron and a handful of challengers are betting that radically different chip architectures could loosen the grip of industry giants like Nvidia and reshape the AI hardware landscape.

Cable Bacteria Are Living Batteries

Under a cloudless August sky, I sailed upon an InterCity train from København station to Aarhus, an 8th-century Viking settlement that is now the second largest city in Denmark. After disembarking, I trekked toward the local university to a door marked INSTITUT FOR BIOLOGI. Upon entering, I was greeted by Ian Marshall, a lanky Australian professor with graying hair, who ushered me into his first floor laboratory. Dimly lit, the room was thick with the scent of wet earth. Large plastic buckets l

Astronomer winks at viral notoriety with ‘temporary spokesperson’ Gwyneth Paltrow

After spending the past week-plus in the headlines due to a seemingly inescapable social media scandal, data operations startup Astronomer is trying to shift the narrative with a tongue-in-cheek video starring actress and entrepreneur Gwyneth Paltrow. Paltrow was, of course, previously married to Coldplay singer Chris Martin. And it was at a Coldplay concert in Massachusetts that the company’s CEO Andy Byron and Chief People Officer Kristin Cabot were apparently caught dancing together on the “

‘Tron: Ares’ Just Brought the Grid Back to San Diego Comic-Con

In the pantheon of cool Hall H moments at San Diego Comic-Con, the reveal that Disney was returning to the world of Tron is right near the top. Sneaking into a 2008 panel about Race to Witch Mountain, Disney randomly showed proof-of-concept footage announcing that Tron 2, later called Tron Legacy, would be coming in a few years, and the place went mad. Since that moment, Tron and Comic-Con have shared a fun history, with Legacy’s team even recording audio for the film in Hall H a few years later

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Astronomer HR chief Kristin Cabot resigns following Coldplay 'kiss cam' incident

Days after Astronomer CEO Andy Byron resigned from the tech startup, the HR exec who was with him at the infamous Coldplay concert has left as well. "Kristin Cabot is no longer with Astronomer, she has resigned," a company spokesperson wrote in an email to CNBC Thursday. Cabot was the company's chief people officer. Cabot and Byron, who is married with children, were shown in an intimate moment on the 'kiss cam' at a recent Coldplay show in Boston, and immediately hid when they saw their faces

NASA Employees Submit "Formal Dissent" Saying Trump's Cuts Are So Brutal That Astronauts Could Die

Hundreds of current and former NASA employees have signed an open letter of dissent against Trump's proposed cuts at the agency — and they're sounding the alarm on the safety of its astronauts in an ominous way. "The last six months have seen rapid and wasteful changes which have undermined our mission and caused catastrophic impacts on NASA's workforce," the letter states, addressed to interim administrator Sean Duffy. In total, 287 current and former employees have signed the document, at le

Rocket Lab Has Some Genuine Competition for SpaceX, but It Can’t Reach the Launchpad

California-based startup Rocket Lab is looking to compete with industry leader SpaceX with its upcoming launch vehicle, Neutron. But before it can debut its reusable rocket later this year, the company has to figure out a way to transport Neutron’s components to the southern tip of Wallops Island in Virginia. Rocket Lab is awaiting approval to dredge a permanent channel to the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport (MARS) on Wallops Island, a spaceport surrounded by shallow waters and scarce infrastru

Neil Armstrong's customs form for moon rocks (2016)

by Barbara Blum If you have ever traveled overseas, then returned to the U.S., you likely filled out a “customs declaration” form on the airplane: “Are you bringing with you: plants, food, animals, soil, disease agents, cell cultures or snails? Declare all articles that you have acquired and are bringing into the United States.” Who would have guessed the regulations would have been enforced so rigorously in 1969 when three men returned to the U.S. from a rather long business trip – to

Trip to moon required Apollo 11 crew to sign US Customs declaration to enter US

by Barbara Blum If you have ever traveled overseas, then returned to the U.S., you likely filled out a “customs declaration” form on the airplane: “Are you bringing with you: plants, food, animals, soil, disease agents, cell cultures or snails? Declare all articles that you have acquired and are bringing into the United States.” Who would have guessed the regulations would have been enforced so rigorously in 1969 when three men returned to the U.S. from a rather long business trip – to

Disney Parks Animatronics, Rated Yearbook-Style

Walt Disney is just the latest animatronic to be featured in Disney Parks’ experiences and attractions. The figure debuted for Disneyland’s 70th birthday at the Main Street Opera House, headlining a new show. In Walt Disney – A Magical Life, you can come face-to-face with the man behind the name, programmed to present his history as Imagineering’s latest tech feat. The figure joins the legacy of Disney’s contribution to theme park advancements, combining animation and robotics for his animatron

Comparing the Glove80 and Maltron Keyboards

Computer keyboards largely go unnoticed in daily life: most of us have to use them at some point or another, but they tend to be seen as interchangeable lumps of plastic and metal . For some of us, however, what keyboard we use has an effect on our health. I have typed a lot, for well over 30 years. 25 years ago I had prolonged period of pain in my hands that was, in part, brought on by extensive keyboard usage. After 3 months of not typing at all, I resolved to do anything I could to lessen th

Astronomers Spot Companion Star in Orbit Around Iconic Star Betelgeuse, Confirming Suspicions

In 2024, astronomers surmised that Betelgeuse might have a stellar “buddy.” If this hypothetical companion existed, it would help answer some questions about the red supergiant’s strange glowing patterns. As it turns out, these suspicions were correct. After numerous false signals and empty search results, astronomers with NASA’s Ames Research Center have confirmed that Betelgeuse does, in fact, have a tiny buddy star. The young star, with a mass about 1.5 times that of the Sun, likely exerts s

Astronomer CEO Andy Byron resigns after viral Coldplay 'kiss cam' controversy

Astronomer announced on Saturday that CEO Andy Byron has resigned days after being caught on video in an intimate moment with the company's head of human resources at a Coldplay concert. "Andy Byron has tendered his resignation, and the Board of Directors has accepted," the company said in a statement. "The Board will begin a search for our next Chief Executive as Cofounder and Chief Product Officer Pete DeJoy continues to serve as interim CEO." Byron was shown on a big screen at the concert i

James Webb Spots Planets Forming Into Solar System in Real Time, Like an Organism's First Cells

Astronomers have spotted a planetary system being conceived from the swirl of gas and dust surrounding a star — giving us an unprecedented, real-time look at how our solar system would've formed some 4.6 billion years ago. The findings, published as a study in the journal Nature, are the first time we're seeing such an early stage of planets being formed anywhere in the cosmos. "We've captured a direct glimpse of the hot region where rocky planets like Earth are born around young protostars,"

Jared Leto is the ultimate soldier in new TRON: Ares trailer

San Diego Comic-Con is coming up next week, and Disney is getting ready for its big presentation by releasing a new trailer for TRON: Ares, directed by Joachim Rønning. (Spoilers for TRON: Legacy below.) As previously reported, TRON: Legacy ended with Sam Flynn (Garrett Hedlund), son of Kevin Flynn (Jeff Bridges) from the original film, preventing the digital world from bleeding into the real world, as planned by the Grid's malevolent ruling program, Clu. He brought with him Quorra (Olivia Wil

Jared Leto is the ultimate solder in new TRON: Ares trailer

San Diego Comic-Con is coming up next week, and Disney is getting ready for its big presentation by releasing a new trailer for TRON: Ares, directed by Joachim Rønning. (Spoilers for TRON: Legacy below.) As previously reported, TRON: Legacy ended with Sam Flynn (Garrett Hedlund), son of Kevin Flynn (Jeff Bridges) from the original film, preventing the digital world from bleeding into the real world, as planned by the Grid's malevolent ruling program, Clu. He brought with him Quorra (Olivia Wil

The official Tron: Ares trailer riffs on big tech and features a returning Jeff Bridges

There's finally a full trailer for Tron: Ares, the third installment in the decades-long sci-fi franchise. This comes after a teaser dropped a few months back and over two years after the film was first announced. The new footage is pretty cool, and gets into the meat of this threequel. It's a riff on AI and big tech, as corporate entities look to weaponize the digital creations of The Grid and bring them to the real world. This does not go well, as evidenced by shots of iconic franchise Recogn

The New ‘Tron: Ares’ Trailer Teases Jared Leto’s AI Warrior—and His Wild Ride Through the Real World

A “biblically strong,” super-smart, unkillable warrior crafted from AI and brought from the digital world into the real world. Oh, and he’s on a mysterious mission, so you can add “curiosity” to that list of character traits. What could possibly go wrong? Add in some absolutely dazzling visuals, and you can get a good idea of what’s to come in Tron: Ares. The latest trailer is here, and it gives us our best look yet at Jared Leto’s supersoldier, unveiled by a smug-looking Evan Peters and questi

Wild New Image Shows a Twin of Our Solar System Being Born

The first-ever baby pictures of a solar system that’s not our own are finally here—and they’re beautiful—and as adorable as space entities can get. In a paper published today in Nature, astronomers presented HOPS-315: a Sun-like protostar cooking up a brew of hot minerals and silicon monoxide gas, located about 1,300 light-years away from Earth. The special thing about HOPS-315 is that the baby star and its surrounding environment bear a striking resemblance to an earlier version of our own sol

See How ‘M3GAN 2.0’ Built Itself a Bigger, Better M3GAN

For better or worse, M3GAN’s sophomore outing in M3GAN 2.0 brought with it much more action-packed mania than the killer-doll horrors of the original. That, and of course the awkward inconvenience of M3GAN’s body being destroyed in the climax of the first film, meant her return for round two needed a mechanical do-over… including a few upgrades for good measure. Now that M3GAN 2.0 is heading home digitally today, you can see just how the team behind the movie made those upgrades to make the all

‘Not that into peace doves’: The Apollo-Soyuz patch NASA rejected

Fifty years ago, on July 15, 1975, three NASA astronauts and two Russian cosmonauts lifted off to meet up in orbit for the first time. Representing the joint Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP, or Soyuz-Apollo in the Soviet Union), both crews wore a cloth patch that featured the artwork of an accomplished space artist. The design that flew, however, was not the astronauts' first pick. That patch idea was rejected because Paul Calle opted to highlight the détente nature of the international handsha

Walt Disney Returns as a Surreal Animatronic for Disneyland’s 70th Anniversary

As of this week, Walt Disney returns to his original Magic Kingdom, with a little help from the magic-makers at Imagineering. Through the audio-animatronics technology Walt Disney introduced when he opened Disneyland 70 years ago, the evolution of the show robots has gone from static positioning with some movements, as first seen on the singing birds in the Enchanted Tiki Room, to a roaming animatronic of Uncle Walt. Stationed in the Main Street Opera House, the (m)animatronic is the crown jewe