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Ask HN: Generalists, when do you say "I know enough" about any particular topic?

The idea is generalists know a lot about everything and when to pass it off to a subject matter expert. In 2025, with everything in tech changing by the minute, I’m realizing I need to set boundaries about how deep I go on any particular topic. But I’m unsure how. Particularly if I don’t want to get left behind as things continue to evolve. Curious how other folks approach this?

Japan's Creepiest Station

However, if travelling northbound in the direction of Niigata, the station takes on a vastly different character. The northbound platform is a 15 minute walk away from the main station building. A majority of this walk consists of a 70m descent down almost 500 steps into the Shin-Shimizu tunnel. The descent is terrifying, with little vision of what awaits you at the end as you venture further and further into the depths. Water from the nearby rivers can also be heard trickling into the tunnel at

Ninja Gaiden: Ragebound is a perfect reimagining of the classic series

is a news editor covering technology, gaming, and more. He joined The Verge in 2019 after nearly two years at Techmeme. Ninja Gaiden is having a renaissance. The last mainline entry was originally released more than a decade ago, but by the end of 2025, there will be three new Ninja Gaiden titles. Two are 3D: Ninja Gaiden 2 Black, a modern-day remaster of Ninja Gaiden II released earlier this year, and Ninja Gaiden 4, co-developed by PlatinumGames and set to release in October. But there’s a ne

How can AI ID a cat?

Look at a picture of a cat, and you’ll instantly recognize it as a cat. But try to program a computer to recognize cat photos, and you’ll quickly realize that it’s far from straightforward. You’d need to write code to pinpoint the quintessential quality shared by countless cats in photos with distinctive backgrounds and taken from different camera angles. Where would you even begin? These days, computers can easily recognize photos of cats, but that’s not because a clever programmer discovered

Citybound: City building game, microscopic models to vividly simulate organism

A city building game that uses microscopic models to vividly simulate the organism of a city arising from the interactions of millions of individuals. People on the move, businesses in trade, neighbourhoods changing. Each inhabitant struggling, adapting, making life choices. The city evolves, the city grows. The city is us. See and inspect all aspects of city life, across many scales of time and space. Shape your city by sketching detailed project plans for infrastructure and zones. Implement

Compiling a Lisp: Lambda lifting

first – previous EDIT: /u/thunderseethe correctly points out that this is closure conversion, not lambda lifting, so I have adjusted the post title from “lambda lifting” to “closure conversion” accordingly. Thanks! I didn’t think this day would come, but I picked up the Ghuloum tutorial (PDF) again and I got a little bit further. There’s just one caveat: I have rewritten the implementation in Python. It’s available in the same repo in compiler.py. It’s brief, coming in at a little over 300 LOC

Compiling a Lisp: Lambda Lifting

first – previous I didn’t think this day would come, but I picked up the Ghuloum tutorial (PDF) again and I got a little bit further. There’s just one caveat: I have rewritten the implementation in Python. It’s available in the same repo in compiler.py. It’s brief, coming in at a little over 300 LOC + tests (compared to the C version’s 1200 LOC + tests). I guess there’s another caveat, too, which is that the Python version has no S-expression reader. But that’s fine: consider it an exercise fo

Syncable vs. non-syncable passkeys: Are roaming authenticators the best of both worlds?

matejmo/Getty Images Like or not, a replacement for passwords -- known as passkeys -- is coming your way, if it hasn't already. The three big ideas behind passkeys are that they cannot be guessed in the way passwords often can (and are), the same passkey cannot be re-used across different websites and apps (the way passwords can), and you cannot be tricked into divulging your passkeys to malicious actors, often through techniques such as phishing, smishing, quishing, and malvertising. Also: Ho

Ninja Gaiden: Ragebound Is a Forgettable Chapter in the Series' Legacy

It looks like 2025 is the "Year of the Ninja." Assassin's Creed: Shadows was one of the big hits of the year's first half, a new Shinobi game is on the way, and Ninja Gaiden fans are being treated to a full trilogy: Ninja Gaiden 2 Black, released in January, Ninja Gaiden 4, arriving later this year and Ninja Gaiden: Ragebound, arriving Thursday. However, based on my experience, you might want to skip this installment: It's charming but far from satisfying. Ninja Gaiden Ragebound is a 2D side-sc

Laminar Flow Airfoil

Laminar Flow is the smooth, uninterrupted flow of air over the contour of the wings, fuselage, or other parts of an aircraft in flight. Laminar flow is most often found at the front of a streamlined body and is an important factor in flight. If the smooth flow of air is interrupted over a wing section, turbulence is created which results in a loss of lift and a high degree of drag. An airfoil designed for minimum drag and uninterrupted flow of the boundary layer is called a laminar airfoil. The

Meet the cement transport ship that makes cement ingredients while sailing

Shipping has a pollution problem, but one company has a solution that does more than just eliminate a boat’s carbon dioxide. London-based Seabound has developed a carbon capture system that transforms CO 2 from the engine into limestone, a key ingredient in cement. Fittingly, the company has installed it aboard the UBC Cork, a cement carrier currently sailing through the Mediterranean Sea. When the ship docks in Norway, the limestone created from the voyage will be offloaded and used to make m

Abstraction boundaries are optimization boundaries

Abstraction boundaries are optimization boundaries The N+1 query problem occurs when your application code sends one SQL query per element in a collection. The N queries are redundant; since all of the data is in the database already, a single query should be enough. This problem is usually caused by a leaky abstraction; the ORM, or whatever database abstraction you are using, can’t anticipate that it would need to send N queries, so it can’t automatically optimize this down to a single query.