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New black hole merger bolsters Hawking area theorem

Back in 1971, the late physicist Stephen Hawking made an intriguing prediction: The total surface area of a black hole cannot decrease, only increase or remain stable. So if two black holes combine, the newly formed black hole will have a larger surface area. This became known as Hawking's area theorem. Analysis of the gravitational signal from a black hole merger detected in January provides the best observational evidence to date in support of Hawking's theorem, according to a new paper publis

Study Directly Links Emissions from Fossil Fuel Producers to Devastating Heatwaves

A new study directly links hundreds of major heatwaves since 2000 to the emissions from fossil fuel and cement producers. Among its fundings, the researchers conclude that as many as a quarter of all heatwaves since the start of this century would have been “virtually impossible” without emissions from any of the world’s 14 largest fossil fuel and cement producers. The study, published Wednesday in the journal Nature, shows that greenhouse gas emissions from 180 of the world’s biggest cement, o

NASA Finds Evidence That Mars Devoured Huge Chunks of Other Planets

The Red Planet has a bloody history. Newly examined data from NASA's retired InSight lander suggest that there may be giant chunks of rocky material deep inside the mantle of Mars, which were lodged there after a barrage of massive objects slammed into its surface some 4.5 billion years ago. Some of these smithereens are so large, the researchers say, that they're effectively protoplanets — moon-sized objects in the early stages of becoming a planet proper. In other words: Mars could be stuffe

The physics of parabolic microphones: Frequency dependence of gain (2023)

Introduction Parabolic microphones are known for their extreme sensitivity, and the origin of their acuity isn’t difficult to guess. It is the most obvious thing about them, which can also make them a liability for field use, namely, their considerable size. Just as a large amount of weak light is captured by a telescope’s parabolic mirror and made amenable to viewing with the much smaller human eye, so too are faint sounds harvested with a reflecting dish that far exceeds the dimensions of our

The Physics of Parabolic Microphones: Frequency Dependence of Gain

Introduction Parabolic microphones are known for their extreme sensitivity, and the origin of their acuity isn’t difficult to guess. It is the most obvious thing about them, which can also make them a liability for field use, namely, their considerable size. Just as a large amount of weak light is captured by a telescope’s parabolic mirror and made amenable to viewing with the much smaller human eye, so too are faint sounds harvested with a reflecting dish that far exceeds the dimensions of our

Forecasters Warn of 100-Foot Waves as Hurricane Erin Brushes the East Coast

The National Hurricane Center expects Hurricane Erin to grow in size as it creeps up the Eastern Seaboard this week, hammering coastal communities with potentially deadly storm surge and rip currents. Erin, one of the fastest rapidly intensifying Atlantic storms on record, is a Category 2 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 110 miles per hour (175 kilometers per hour) as of 8:00 a.m. ET on Tuesday, August 19, according to the NHC. Forecasters don’t expect Erin to make landfall in the U.S.

Best Microwaves of 2025, Tested and Reviewed

CNET staff -- not advertisers, partners or business interests -- determine how we review products and services. If you buy through our links, we may earn a commission. In every kitchen, there are a handful of staples that make cooking, prepping and everything in between easier. For some, that may be a toaster oven, for others perhaps it's a blender or juicer. However, for me, there's one that stands out the most: the microwave. Whether you're simply reheating leftovers or prepping popcorn for a

Satellite Captures Awesome Power of Tsunami Triggered by Epic Russian Quake

In late July, the sixth biggest earthquake in recorded history struck off the coast of Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula. The magnitude 8.8 quake triggered a tsunami that sent waves across the Pacific, prompting widespread warnings and some evacuation orders. Data released Thursday, August 14, by NASA Earth Observatory captures this global event in striking detail. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite, a joint venture between NASA and the French space agency CNES (Centre National

At 17, Hannah Cairo solved a major math mystery

Cairo followed this advice. In the fall of 2023, her family moved to Davis, 60 miles northeast of Berkeley. There, her older brother enrolled as a freshman at UC Davis, and her parents allowed her to commute to Berkeley on Tuesdays and Thursdays. By the spring, she was going five days a week and taking several more classes. She recalls it as a time in her life when she began to feel full of possibility. “I had started making friends, and I was feeling good,” she said. After the spring semester

The Pacific Dodged a Monster Tsunami After One of the Biggest Quakes Ever. Here’s Why

The earthquake near the east coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia on July 30, 2025, generated tsunami waves that have reached Hawaii and coastal areas of the U.S. mainland. The earthquake’s magnitude of 8.8 is significant, potentially making it one of the largest quakes ever recorded. Countries around much of the Pacific, including in East Asia and North and South America, issued alerts and, in some cases, evacuation orders in anticipation of potentially devastating waves. Waves of up to

Different Clocks

Ianto Cannon's clock graphics These clocks are generated as scalable vector graphics using JavaScript. Feel free to use and modify the source code. Each clock displays the current Coordinated Universal Time (UTC): Loading… Binary This clock shows the Unix time: a 32-bit signed integer representing the number of seconds since 1970 Jan 1st. Polygons These polygons show the time in the format yy:M:w:d:h:mm:ss, where M is the month, w is the week in the month, and d is the day of the week. :

Myanmar’s Devastating Earthquake in March Split the Earth at ‘Supershear Velocity’

On March 28, Myanmar was rocked by a 7.8 magnitude earthquake that claimed over 5,000 lives and caused damage even in neighboring countries. In a study published July 10 in The Seismic Record, seismologists confirmed previous research indicating that the southern part of the large earthquake’s rupture, or fracture, took place at astounding speeds of up to between 3.1 and 3.7 miles per second (5 to 6 kilometers per second)—at supershear velocity. This likely played a role in the earthquake’s dev

Android Phones Can Detect Earthquakes Before the Ground Starts Shaking

Since their first implementation in Mexico and Japan, earthquake early-warning (EEW) systems have provided critical advance notice of imminent earthquakes to countless people. Many seismic countries, however, still don’t have the infrastructure necessary to sustain such crucial networks, leaving their populations vulnerable to devastating earthquakes. Researchers in the U.S. and Germany have tested a global earthquake detection and alert system that makes use of a device many people already own

Black hole merger challenges our understanding of black hole formation

Gravitational waves—ripples in space-time caused by violent cosmic events—travel at the speed of light in every direction, eventually fading out like ripples in water. But some events are so destructive and extreme that they create disturbances in spacetime more like powerful waves than small ripples, with enough energy to reach our own detectors here on Earth. Today, the LIGO Collaboration announced the detection of the most colossal black hole merger known to date, the final product of which

Astronomers Detect a Black Hole Merger That’s So Massive It Shouldn’t Exist

Gravitational waves—ripples in space-time caused by violent cosmic events—travel at the speed of light in every direction, eventually fading out like ripples in water. But some events are so destructive and extreme that they create disturbances in spacetime more like powerful waves than small ripples, with enough energy to reach our own detectors here on Earth. Today, the LIGO Collaboration announced the detection of the most colossal black hole merger known to date, the final product of which

Using Sound Waves to Put Out Fire: Story of Two George Mason University Students

Imagine fighting a fire without water, foam, or chemicals—just the power of sound. Sounds like something out of a sci-fi flick, right? But back in 2015, two engineering students at George Mason University in Virginia made it a reality. Viet Tran and Seth Robertson, both seniors at the time, built a device that uses low-frequency sound waves to extinguish flames. Their invention, dubbed the “Wave Extinguisher,” caught the world’s attention and sparked a wave of research into acoustic fire supp

‘Death Wish’ Planet Actively Triggers Destructive Flares From Its Host Star

A young, energetic star has had just about enough of its clingy planet. The pair are mired in a toxic relationship, with the planet sending waves of energy toward the star—and the host star is responding with violent explosions that are destroying its planet over time. Using the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Cheops mission, a team of astronomers from the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy gathered evidence for the first known exoplanet with an apparent death wish. In a paper published We

Star Quakes and Monster Shock Waves

Like the simulation depicting how a neutron star cracks, this one also predicts the characteristics of the resulting flares astronomers might see through telescopes. In the fleeting moments when monster shock waves rip outward and a black hole pulsar forms, telescopes may be able to catch outbursts of radio waves or a combination of X-rays and gamma rays. In short, the simulations performed by Most and colleagues provide a deeper understanding of the physics driving some of the most energetic ev

Trump’s Cuts Threaten Nobel-Winning Observatory That Detected Colliding Black Holes

Nearly 10 years ago, scientists observed ripples in spacetime created by the collision of two black holes that took place 1.3 billion years ago. The first direct detection of gravitational waves opened up an entirely new way of seeing the universe, allowing us to observe a once invisible side of the cosmos. Today, the ability to track the frequencies produced by the most notable events that shape our surrounding cosmos is at risk due to drastic budget cuts targeting a breakthrough observatory.