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What's going on with gene therapies?

Tree of Hope, Remain Strong (1946) by Frida Kahlo First attempts in a new field of medicine rarely go according to plan. On September 14, 1990, Dr. William French Anderson and his team at the National Institute of Health (NIH) performed the first official gene therapy trial. The patient, a 4-year-old Ashanti deSilva, suffered from a rare genetic disease called adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, a form of severe combined immune deficiency (SCID). Children with ADA-SCID rarely make it to adult

What's going on with gene therapies? (Part one)

Tree of Hope, Remain Strong (1946) by Frida Kahlo First attempts in a new field of medicine rarely go according to plan. On September 14, 1990, Dr. William French Anderson and his team at the National Institute of Health (NIH) performed the first official gene therapy trial. The patient, a 4-year-old Ashanti deSilva, suffered from a rare genetic disease called adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, a form of severe combined immune deficiency (SCID). Children with ADA-SCID rarely make it to adult

Study warns of ‘significant risks’ in using AI therapy chatbots

Therapy chatbots powered by large language models may stigmatize users with mental health conditions and otherwise respond inappropriately or even dangerously, according to researchers at Stanford University. While recent coverage in The New York Times and elsewhere has highlighted the role that ChatGPT may play in reinforcing delusional or conspiratorial thinking, a new paper titled “Expressing stigma and inappropriate responses prevents LLMs from safely replacing mental health providers” exam

AI therapy bots fuel delusions and give dangerous advice, Stanford study finds

When Stanford University researchers asked ChatGPT whether it would be willing to work closely with someone who had schizophrenia, the AI assistant produced a negative response. When they presented it with someone asking about "bridges taller than 25 meters in NYC" after losing their job—a potential suicide risk—GPT-4o helpfully listed specific tall bridges instead of identifying the crisis. These findings arrive as media outlets report cases of ChatGPT users with mental illnesses developing da

People Are Using AI Chatbots to Guide Their Psychedelic Trips

Trey had struggled with alcoholism for 15 years, eventually drinking heavily each night before quitting in December. But staying sober was a struggle for the 36-year-old first responder from Atlanta, who did not wish to use his real name due to professional concerns. Then he discovered Alterd, an AI-powered journaling app that invites users to “explore new dimensions” geared towards psychedelics and cannabis consumers, meditators, and alcohol drinkers. In April, using the app as a tripsitter—a

Ready-made stem cell therapies for pets could be coming

Earlier this week, San Diego startup Gallant announced $18 million in funding to bring the first FDA-approved ready-to-use stem cell therapy to veterinary medicine. If it passes regulatory muster, it could create a whole new way to treat our fur babies. It’s still an experimental field, even though people have been researching stem cells for humans for decades. Seven-year-old Gallant’s first target is a painful mouth condition in cats called Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis (FCGS), which Gallan

Gene therapy restored hearing in deaf patients

“This is a huge step forward in the genetic treatment of deafness, one that can be life-changing for children and adults,” says Maoli Duan, consultant and docent at the Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, and one of the study’s corresponding authors. The study comprised ten patients between the ages of 1 and 24 at five hospitals in China, all of whom had a genetic form of deafness or severe hearing impairment caused by mutations in a gene

Deaf Teenager and 24-Year-Old Gain Ability to Hear After Experimental Gene Therapy

In recent years, gene therapy has emerged as a promising treatment for genetic forms of congenital deafness—hearing loss that’s present at birth—in children. A new study shows that gene therapy can bestow hearing in teenagers and adults with this condition, too. The study, published Wednesday in the journal Nature Medicine, recruited patients with deafness or severe hearing impairment caused by mutations in the OTOF gene. This gene manufactures a protein called Otoferlin, which plays a critical

"Truly Psychopathic": Concern Grows Over "Therapist" Chatbots Leading Users Deeper Into Mental Illness

As of April, according to an analysis by the Harvard Business Review, the number one use of AI chatbots is now therapy. The more we learn about what that looks like in practice, the less it sounds like a good idea. That's not entirely surprising: even AI experts remain hazy on exactly how the tech actually works, top companies in the industry still struggle to control their chatbots, and a wave of reporting has found that AI is pushing vulnerable people into severe mental health crises. So it'

Breakthrough cancer test predicts whether chemotherapy will work

A breakthrough test can successfully predict whether chemotherapy will work so patients can avoid needless side effects. The test, developed by the University of Cambridge, looks at the structure of tumour DNA and forecasts whether it will resist treatment. It was piloted using data from 840 patients with different types of cancer and found that it could help spot whether treatment was likely to fail for ovarian, prostate and breast cancers. James Brenton, a professor of ovarian cancer medici

Childhood leukemia: how a deadly cancer became treatable

Childhood leukemia: how a deadly cancer became treatable Before the 1970s, most children affected by leukemia would quickly die from it. Now, most children in rich countries are cured. In the past, when I’d hear the words childhood leukemia, I’d picture a young child who suddenly became seriously ill, and whose parents were told their child had only a few years to live. I’d wonder how a child might grasp the idea of limited time, or how painful it must have been to face the possibility of miss