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How much RAM does your PC really need in 2025? I did the math for Windows and Mac users

Kerry Wan/ZDNET Get more in-depth ZDNET tech coverage: Add us as a preferred Google source on Chrome and Chromium browsers. I used to struggle when shopping for a new computer. Over time, I learned to narrow things down to what I call the "performance trifecta" -- three main components you should be mindful of when buying a laptop or desktop: processor, storage drive, and RAM. The first two are pretty easy to figure out. A good processor ensures that a computer performs well, and a lot of loca

Unlocking Real-Time Supply Chain Analytics with GPU Technology: Q&A with Meher Siddhartha Errabolu

As supply chains generate ever-larger datasets and demand faster decisions, traditional central processing unit (CPU)-based systems are approaching their limits. To meet real-time requirements at scale, developers turn to accelerated computing powered by graphics processing units (GPUs). These massive parallel processors reshape how data is accessed, analyzed, and operationalized across the enterprise supply chain. One expert at the forefront of this transformation is Meher Siddhartha Errabolu.

Nvidia Tilus: A Tile-Level GPU Kernel Programming Language

Tilus: A Tile-Level GPU Kernel Programming Language Documentation | Paper Tilus is a powerful domain-specific language (DSL) for GPU programming that offers: Thread-block-level granularity with tensors as the primary data type. with as the primary data type. Explicit control over shared memory and register tensors (unlike Triton). over shared memory and register tensors (unlike Triton). Low-precision types with arbitrary bit-widths (1 to 8 bits). It also includes automatic tuning, caching,

The 7 Best Mattress Toppers (2025) Out of Dozens We've Tested: Supportive, Plush, Memory Foam

Honorable Mentions Not everything we test makes the cut as a pick, but that doesn't mean it's a bad mattress topper. Here are a few that our testers slept on and still got a good night's sleep with, but didn't love as much as the picks above. Avocado Alpaca Topper for $809: If you're looking for a mattress topper that's extra soft, WIRED reviewer Scott Gilbertson recommends the Avocado Alpaca Mattress Topper. He says it's one of the softest things he's ever slept on, and that it's like sleepin

9 Best Pillows (2025) Tested For Side, Back, and Stomach Sleepers

Compare the Top 5 Pillows Pillow Fill Material Shell Material Adjustable? Cooling? Sizes Available Purple Freeform Adjustable Pillow High-density memory foam and polyester fill blend, plus hyper elastic polymer gel layer Polyester stretch knit with proprietary cooling fibers Yes Yes Standard and king Coop Cool+ Adjustable Pillow Gel-infused memory foam and microfiber Nylon and polyester shell with a memory foam pad and gel, plus a pillowcase made of polyethylene, polyester, and spandex Yes Yes

The electric fence stopped working years ago

We were walking to watch the sunset when a dog started barking at us from a porch. From inside, a voice called out: "Don't worry, he won't leave the porch. The electric fence hasn't worked in years, but he still won't go past it." I stopped mid-step. A dog, imprisoned by a fence that only exists in his memory. The next question changed how I see everything: What electric fences do we have in our lives? The Invisible Barrier Electric fences train dogs through graduated discomfort, first a wa

The Electric Fence Stopped Working Years Ago

We were walking to watch the sunset when a dog started barking at us from a porch. From inside, a voice called out: "Don't worry, he won't leave the porch. The electric fence hasn't worked in years, but he still won't go past it." I stopped mid-step. A dog, imprisoned by a fence that only exists in his memory. The next question changed how I see everything: What electric fences do we have in our lives? The Invisible Barrier Electric fences train dogs through graduated discomfort, first a wa

How much RAM do you really need in 2025?

Kyle Kucharski/ZDNET Get more in-depth ZDNET tech coverage: Add us as a preferred Google source on Chrome and Chromium browsers. I used to struggle when shopping for a new computer. Over time, I learned to narrow things down to what I call the "performance trifecta" -- three main components you should be mindful of when buying a laptop or desktop: processor, storage drive, and RAM. The first two are pretty easy to figure out. A good processor ensures that a computer performs well, and a lots o

We rewrote the Ghostty GTK application

August 14, 2025 We just completed rewriting the Ghostty GTK application fully embracing the GObject type system from Zig and also verifying with Valgrind every step of the way. The result is a more feature rich, stable, and maintainable Ghostty on Linux and BSD. There are multiple interesting, technical topics from this process, but I want to focus in on two (1) interfacing with the GObject type system from Zig and (2) verifying a GTK application with Valgrind and reflecting on the memory issu

We Rewrote the Ghostty GTK Application

August 14, 2025 We just completed rewriting the Ghostty GTK application fully embracing the GObject type system from Zig and also verifying with Valgrind every step of the way. The result is a more feature rich, stable, and maintainable Ghostty on Linux and BSD. There are multiple interesting, technical topics from this process, but I want to focus in on two (1) interfacing with the GObject type system from Zig and (2) verifying a GTK application with Valgrind and reflecting on the memory issu

Why top and free in containers don't show the correct container memory (2018)

Hey, Something that is very common to get wrong when starting with Linux containers is to think that free and other tools like top should report the memory limits. Here you’ll not only go through why that happens and how to get it right, but also take a look at where is the Kernel looking for information when you ask it for memory statistics. Also, if you’re curious about how the code for keeping track of per-cgroup page counter looks, stick to the end! This is the third article in a series

A spellchecker used to be a major feat of software engineering (2008)

A Spellchecker Used to Be a Major Feat of Software Engineering Here's the situation: it's 1984, and you're assigned to write the spellchecker for a new MS-DOS word processor. Some users, but not many, will have 640K of memory in their PCs. You need to support systems with as little as 256K. That's a quarter megabyte to contain the word processor, the document being edited, and the memory needed by the operating system. Oh, and the spellchecker. For reference, on my MacBook, the standard dictio

Claude can now save you more time by automatically referencing past chats

J Studios/Getty Images ZDNET's key takeaways Claude can now be prompted to reference past user interactions. The feature rolls out today to Max, Team, and Enterprise users. It'll be turned on by default, but you can also switch it off. Claude just got a major memory upgrade: Anthropic's flagship generative AI chatbot can now retrieve information from past conversations, the company announced Monday. The new feature is designed to enable a more streamlined, convenient, and personalized user

A Spellchecker Used to Be a Major Feat of Software Engineering

A Spellchecker Used to Be a Major Feat of Software Engineering Here's the situation: it's 1984, and you're assigned to write the spellchecker for a new MS-DOS word processor. Some users, but not many, will have 640K of memory in their PCs. You need to support systems with as little as 256K. That's a quarter megabyte to contain the word processor, the document being edited, and the memory needed by the operating system. Oh, and the spellchecker. For reference, on my MacBook, the standard dictio

Anthropic’s Claude chatbot can now remember your past conversations

is The Verge’s senior AI reporter. An AI beat reporter for more than five years, her work has also appeared in CNBC, MIT Technology Review, Wired UK, and other outlets. Posts from this author will be added to your daily email digest and your homepage feed. On Monday, Anthropic released a hotly anticipated memory function for its Claude chatbot. In a YouTube video, the company demonstrated a user asking what they had been chatting about with Claude before their vacation. Claude searches past c

Sequoia's Moritz backs Intel CEO Lip-Bu Tan after Trump's 'artless bullying'

Renowned venture capitalist Mike Moritz called on Intel to stand by CEO Lip-Bu Tan after President Donald Trump demanded his resignation last week. "Trump's assault has no modern precedent," Moritz wrote, calling the attack a "vindictive political sideshow." Moritz, who spent decades at Sequoia Capital and has known Tan for nearly four decades, highlighted the CEO's previous turnaround of Cadence Design Systems . Moritz said there is "no one better equipped to transform Intel's fortunes." "No

Operation Costs in CPU Clock Cycles (2016)

Author: “No Bugs” Hare Follow: Job Title: Sarcastic Architect Hobbies: Thinking Aloud, Arguing with Managers, Annoying HRs, Calling a Spade a Spade, Keeping Tongue in Cheek UPDATED: TLB and CAS/atomics (including different NUMA node) added Click to enlarge NB: scale is logarithmic! Premature Pessimization Easy on yourself, easy on the code: All other things being equal, notably code complexity and readability, certain efficient design patterns and coding idioms should just flow naturally

Inside OS/2 (1987)

by Vaughn Vernon from the December 1987 issue of Computer Language OS/2, Microsoft’s latest addition to its operating system line, could well become the operating system of the next decade for Intel 80286/80386 microcomputers. Its multitasking capabilities, full-featured application programming interface (API), and extendability to future hardware almost guarantee its success. Microsoft sees microcomputing as a platform for office automation hardware and software: The office of the future (re

Booting 5000 Erlangs on Ampere One 192-core

Booting 5000 Erlangs on Ampere One 192-core Underjord is an artisanal consultancy doing consulting in Elixir, Nerves with an accidental speciality in marketing and outreach. If you like the writing you should really try the pro version. In the previous post on 500 virtual linux devices on ARM64 I hinted that I expected serious improvements if we got KVM working. Well. We’re there. Let’s see what we got going on. Disclosure: I am running a conference called Goatmire Elixir which Ampere is a sp

9 Best WIRED-Tested Cooling Mattresses (2025)

BedJet BedJet Other Cooling Options There are a ton of mattresses and related on the market that claim to have cooling benefits. Here are a few others we tested and liked, but not as much as the options above. BedJet 3 for $387: WIRED reviewer Christopher Null liked this climate-control device a lot because it allowed him to sleep cool without having to buy a whole new mattress. This device uses a large blower under your bed to blast hot or cool air beneath your covers. If you like your exist

New adhesive surface modeled on a remora works underwater

Most adhesives can’t stick to wet surfaces because water and other fluids disrupt the adhesive’s bonding mechanisms. This problem, though, has been beautifully solved by evolution in remora suckerfish, which use an adhesive disk on top of their heads to attach to animals like dolphins, sharks, and even manta rays. A team of MIT scientists has now taken a close look at these remora disks and reverse-engineered them. “Basically, we looked at nature for inspiration,” says Giovanni Traverso, a prof

Review: The Sandman S2 is a classic tragedy, beautifully told

I unequivocally loved the first season of The Sandman, the Netflix adaptation of Neil Gaiman's influential graphic novel series (of which I am longtime fan). I thought it captured the surreal, dream-like feel and tone of its source material, striking a perfect balance between the anthology approach of the graphic novels and grounding the narrative by focusing on the arc of its central figure: Morpheus, lord of the Dreaming. It's been a long wait for the second and final season, but S2 retains al

9 Things We Loved, and 4 Things We Didn’t, About ‘Wednesday’ Season Two, Part One

Netflix hit Wednesday is back with part one of the long-anticipated second season of Tim Burton’s Addams Family spin-off. Jenna Ortega steps back into those black-soled shoes with new mysteries afoot, as new threats rise against the outcasts of Nevermore Academy—but while we largely enjoyed what the first four episodes brought to the table, there are a few things we really hope get cleared up when part two drops. We Loved: More Addams Family antics With Pugsley (Isaac Ordonez) attending Neverm

Mysterious Crime Spree Targeted National Guard Equipment Stashes

A string of previously undisclosed break-ins at Tennessee National Guard armories last fall marks the latest in a growing series of security breaches at military facilities across the United States, raising fresh concerns about the vulnerability of US armories to theft and intrusion. A confidential memo from the Tennessee Fusion Center reviewed by WIRED details four break-ins at Tennessee National Guard armories over a seven-week span. In one incident, thieves made off with night vision goggles

Everything to Remember Before Watching ‘Alien: Earth’

One of the best things about the new show, Alien: Earth, is that you do not need to be an Alien superfan to enjoy it. It’s not dependent on the plots of the seven-plus films in the franchise and is only connected to them in a few tangential ways. For now, at least. Nevertheless, there are a few things worth keeping in mind as we get closer to the August 12 debut. Here they are. The overview The Alien franchise began in 1979 with Ridley Scott’s film, Alien. It continued in 1986 with James Camer

Baltimore Assessments Accidentally Subsidize Blight–and How We Can Fix It

One of the biggest challenges facing Baltimore is blight. For decades, the city has grappled with population loss, leaving behind thousands of vacant homes and empty lots that scar neighborhoods. These empty spaces not only serve as a constant reminder of visible decline, but also drain city coffers and undermine community safety. Both the city and the state have launched ambitious initiatives to tackle this very problem. But what if the government’s own policies were quietly making the problem

‘Wednesday’ Season 2 Is a Delightful Mix of Gothic Whimsy and Brutal Horror

Wednesday Addams (Jenna Ortega) is back at Nevermore Academy with a new deadly mystery in Tim Burton’s Wednesday. Season two of the hit Netflix series raises the stakes with bolder teen angst, as well as a surprising body count. Showrunners Alfred Gough and Miles Millar return with exactly what fans loved from season one, amplified by the addition of new creative voices that truly capture the essence of Wednesday Addams. That includes Ortega’s influence as executive producer, and her collaborati

New Paper Finds Something Very Weird About the Shroud of Turin

The mysterious Shroud of Turin, which is believed by many Christians to have laid atop Jesus Christ's body after his crucifixion, may be even stranger than we previously thought. In a new study published in the journal Archaeometry, Brazilian 3D designer Cicero Moraes lends credence to the theory that the shroud was a work of art rather than a genuine death shroud — and per the new paper, it may not have laid atop a human at all. Using three types of 3D modeling tools — MakeHuman, Blender, and

Kyoto University team develops pain reliever comparable to morphine

A Kyoto University research team has developed a pain-reliever that is comparable to morphine but does not have serious side effects. Morphine, often administered to cancer patients, has serious adverse effects such as breathing issues and addiction. According to the team, the newly developed drug, Adriana, is a groundbreaking painkiller, which works on a completely different mechanism to morphine and other existing synthetic opioids. The drug has the potential to revolutionize pain control in

Best Cheap Laptop: Budget Computers for Every Use

There are a ton of models for less than $1,000 on the market at any given moment, and a large fraction of those are less than $500. As long as you manage your expectations regarding options and specs, you can still get quite a bit from a budget laptop model, including good battery life and a reasonably lightweight laptop body. (If you're replacing an old Windows laptop that's not up to running Windows anymore, consider turning it into a Chromebook.) Price If the statistics Intel and PC manufac